ABSTRACT
We preliminarily evaluated the clinical feasibility and efficacy of intraoperative radiotherapy in patients with thyroid carcinoma. Nine thyroid cancer patients received intraoperative radiotherapy using an Intrabeam system. The dose was 3-4 Gy and the irradiation time ranged from 1 min 32 s to 7 min 33s. One case was a primary thyroid carcinoma, while the other cases were recurrent disease. Adverse effects, recurrence and survival were analyzed. In one patient, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma recurred 5 months after treatment, one patient developed a postoperative tracheal skin fistula, and one patient developed a wound infection. Because the affected areas were treated with both surgical resection and then radiotherapy, it is difficult to know which of those led to the adverse effects. Nonetheless, our results indicate that intraoperative radiotherapy can relieve the symptoms associated with thyroid cancer and improve the quality of life for these patients. It thus appears feasible to treat thyroid cancer patients with intraoperative radiotherapy.
Subject(s)
Intraoperative Care/methods , Thyroid Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Female , Humans , Male , Pilot Projects , Survival Rate , Thyroid Neoplasms/mortality , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Toxoplasma gondii infects humans and warm blooded animals causing devastating disease worldwide. It has long been a mystery as to why the peritoneal macrophages of rats are naturally resistant to T. gondii infection while those of mice are not. Here, we report that high expression levels and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and low levels of arginase-1 (Arg 1) activity in the peritoneal macrophages of rats are responsible for their resistance against T. gondii infection, due to high nitric oxide and low polyamines within these cells. The opposite situation was observed in the peritoneal macrophages of mice. This discovery of the opposing functions of iNOS and Arg 1 in rodent peritoneal macrophages may lead to a better understanding of the resistance mechanisms of mammals, particularly humans and livestock, against T. gondii and other intracellular pathogens.
Subject(s)
Arginase/genetics , Disease Resistance/physiology , Macrophages, Peritoneal/enzymology , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics , Rodent Diseases , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/enzymology , Animals , Arginase/metabolism , Gene Expression , Host Specificity , Humans , Macrophage Activation , Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology , Macrophages, Peritoneal/parasitology , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Toxoplasma/physiology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/parasitologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the humoral antibody response of mice to the recombinant Trichomonas vaginalis cysteine proteinase (TvCP3) in order to investigate the function of the proteinase and its application in diagnosis. METHODS: T. vaginalis cysteine proteinase gene 3 (TvCP3) was cloned by using PCR, and was inserted into the expression vector pET28b. The recombinant plasmid pET28b-TvCP3 or pET28b-TvCP3C (a matured and pre-matured enzyme fragment) was then transformed to Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant protein was expressed in E. coli, purified by IMAC (immobilized metal affinity chromatography), and was used to immune BALB/c mice. The mice were divided into groups TvCP3, TvCP3C and control, 6 in each group. The first and second injections for each mouse were administered with 25 microg purified TvCPs which was emulsified with an equal volume of Freund's complete and incomplete adjuvants, respectively. Two more injections were done using 12.5 microg purified antigens without adjuvants, with 2 weeks interval between the first three injections and one week interval between the 3rd and 4th injections. The murine serum samples were detected one week post the 4th injection. The specific IgG antibody in the serum against the recombinant protein was evaluated by ELISA and Western blotting. RESULTS: The expression level of TvCP3 and TvCP3C reached to more than 25% of the total amount of proteins expressed by the bacteria respectively, and the purity in both of them was more than 80% after purified by cobalt-based IMAC resin. ELISA showed that both purified recombinant TvCP3 and TvCP3C induced a high titer of antibodies in the immunized mice (1/204,800 and 1/102,400, respectively). Western blotting analysis indicated that the antibodies reacted with a specific band of the whole T. vaginalis antigens or soluble fractions from T. vaginalis cultures. CONCLUSION: The recombinant TvCP3 and TvCP3C proteins have been highly expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and the expressed products can induce high level of antibodies in BALB/c mice, which recognized a specific band of proteins from T. vaginalis soluble fractions and cultures in vitro.
