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1.
Skin Pharmacol Physiol ; : 1-13, 2024 May 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38710161

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Disinfectants play a critical role in reducing healthcare-associated infections by eliminating microorganisms on surfaces. However, prolonged use of disinfectants may adversely affect the skin microflora, essential for skin health and infection prevention. This study investigates the impact of disinfection on the skin microbiota and metabolites of medical personnel in operating rooms, aiming to provide a scientific foundation for safeguarding their skin health. METHODS: We conducted 16S sequencing and metabolomic analysis to assess the effects of disinfection on the skin microbiota and metabolites of medical personnel. Samples were collected from operating room personnel after disinfectant exposure to identify changes in microbial communities and metabolite profiles. RESULTS: Our analysis revealed that prolonged use of disinfectants led to alterations in skin microbial communities and microbial metabolites. These alterations included the production of harmful metabolites that could potentially promote skin infections and other health issues among medical personnel. CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the importance of minimizing disruptions to skin microbiota and metabolites caused by long-term disinfectant use to preserve the overall health of medical personnel. This study provides valuable insights into the relationship between disinfectant use, skin microbiota, and metabolites, highlighting the necessity for further research in this area.

2.
Materials (Basel) ; 16(23)2023 Nov 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38068173

ABSTRACT

A systematic and comprehensive analysis of the hot deformation and mechanisms of SiC particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites is significant for optimizing the processing of the composites and obtaining the desired components. Based on this, related research on 11 vol% SiCp particle-reinforced 7050Al matrix composites was carried out. Hot compression experiments were carried out on the Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator to study the hot deformation behavior of composites at the temperature of 370-520 °C and strain rate of 0.001-10 s-1. The hyperbolic sine constitutive equation of the material was established, and the processing map was calculated. Combining the typical metallograph and misorientation angle distribution, the microstructure evolution mechanism of composites was analyzed, and the effect of particles on recrystallization behavior was investigated. Under certain process conditions, the dominant deformation mechanism of composites changed from dynamic recovery (DRV) to dynamic recrystallization (DRX), and the grain boundary sliding mechanism began to play a role. In addition, high temperature tensile and elongation at break were tested, and it was found that the dominant form of fracture failure changed from brittle fracture of the particles to ductile fracture of the matrix as the temperature increased.

3.
Materials (Basel) ; 14(10)2021 May 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34066282

ABSTRACT

Graphite/Al composites have attracted much attrition due to their excellent thermal properties. However, the improvement of thermal conductivity (TC) is limited by the difficulty in controlling the orientation of graphite and the poor wettability between graphite and aluminum. In this study, a novel process for fabricating the Graphite/Al composites is proposed, which involves fabricating graphite film and aluminum foil into laminate material. Then, taking a rolling method, the fractured and well oriented graphite film can help the composite achieve high TC while maintaining a certain strength. The result reveals that both single and total reduction have a significant influence on the diameter and orientation of the graphite, and by adjusting the process parameters, composites with high TC can be acquired at a relatively low reinforcement volume. This near-net-forming process can directly meet the thickness requirements for electronic packaging and avoids the exposure of graphite to the surface during secondary processing, which is promising to promote the application for high TC Graphite/Al composites in thermal management.

4.
Materials (Basel) ; 14(7)2021 Mar 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33807412

ABSTRACT

Graphite/Al composites had attracted significant attention for thermal management applications due to their excellent thermal properties. However, the improvement of thermal properties was restricted by the insufficient wettability between graphite and Al. In this study, silicon carbide and titanium carbide coatings have been uniformly coated on the graphite by the reactive sputtering method, and Graphite/Al laminate composites were fabricated by a hot isostatic pressing process to investigate the influence on thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. The results show that carbide coating can effectively improve the interfacial thermal conductance of SiC@Graphite/Al and TiC@Graphite/Al composites by 9.8 times and 3.4 times, respectively. After surface modification, the in-plane thermal conductivity (TC) of the composites with different volume fractions are all exceeding the 90% of the predictions. In comparison, SiC is more conducive to improving the thermal conductivity of composite materials, since the thermal conductivity of the 28.7 vol.% SiC@Graphite/Al reached the highest value of 499 W/m·K, while TiC is favorable for improving the mechanical properties. The finding is beneficial to the understanding of carbide coating engineering in the Graphite/Al composites.

5.
Materials (Basel) ; 14(5)2021 Mar 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33807575

ABSTRACT

The strengthening and weakening effects of SiC particles on composite strength and ductility were studied. Al-Cu-Mg alloys matrices with three different mechanical properties were used. Their yield strength, ultimate strength, and elongation range from 90 to 379 MPa, 131 to 561 MPa, and 18% to 31%, respectively. SiC particles with sizes of 4, 8, 12, 15, 20, and 30 µm were used to reinforce these three matrices, separately, and the composites of eighteen combinations of the particle sizes and matrix strengths were manufactured. Yield strength, ultimate strength, elongation, and fracture morphology of these composites were characterized. Based on the analysis, the strengthening to weakening behavior on strength and ductility were comprehensively discussed. The critical particle size having the best ductility was obtained. The strengthening limit and match range of the particle and the matrix to achieve effective strengthening were defined as a function of the particle size and matrix strength. This work offers an important reference for optimization of mechanical properties of the particle-reinforced metal matrix composites.

6.
Materials (Basel) ; 14(3)2021 Feb 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33535667

ABSTRACT

Roles of the particle, strengthening, and weakening during deformation of the particle reinforced metal matrix composite, were studied using in situ technique. Composites with three different strengths Al-Cu-Mg alloy matrices reinforced by three sizes SiC particles were manufactured and subjected to in situ tensile testing. Based on in situ observation, damage process, fraction and size distribution of the cracked particles were collected to investigate the behavior of the particle during composite deformation. The presence of the particle strengthens the composite, while the particle cracking under high load weakens the composite. This strengthening to weakening transformation is controlled by the damage process of the particle and decided by the particle strength, size distribution, and the matrix flow behavior together. With a proper match of the particle and matrix, an effective strengthening can be obtained. Finally, the effective match range of the particle and the matrix was defined as a function of the particle size and the matrix strength.

7.
Aging (Albany NY) ; 12(13): 13128-13146, 2020 07 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32639947

ABSTRACT

Numerous epidemiological studies have reported that moderate alcohol drinking has beneficial effects. However, few studies have focused on the beneficial effects of ethanol, the common component in alcoholic beverages. Here we fed the C57BL/6 mice with 3.5% v/v ethanol as drinking water substitute to investigate the effects of long-term low-dose ethanol intake in vivo. We evaluated the metabolic rate and mitochondrial function of the long-term low-dose ethanol-intake (LLE) mice, assessed the exercise ability of LLE mice, and fed the LLE mice with a high-fat diet to investigate the potential impact of ethanol on it. The LLE mice showed improved thermogenic activity, physical performance, and mitochondrial function, as well as resistance against the high-fat diet-induced obesity with elevated insulin sensitivity and subdued inflammation. Our results suggest that long-term low-dose ethanol intake can improve healthspan and resist high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. It may provide new insight into understanding the protective effects of moderate alcohol drinking.


Subject(s)
Diet, High-Fat , Ethanol , Obesity/metabolism , Animals , Basal Metabolism/drug effects , Ethanol/administration & dosage , Ethanol/pharmacology , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Liver/drug effects , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Physical Functional Performance
8.
Food Funct ; 11(4): 3549-3562, 2020 Apr 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32270151

ABSTRACT

A high-fat diet is recognized as an important factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases including cardiomyopathy. Besides high-fat diets, large quantities of ethanol also induce cardiomyopathy in both animals and humans. Emerging evidence suggests that low ethanol intake may have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to clarify whether low-dose ethanol intake could prevent high-fat diet-induced adverse effects on cardiomyocytes in mice. After 6-8 weeks of feeding, the heart weight significantly decreased in ethanol + HFD mice compared to HFD mice. In addition, cardiac triglycerides and lipid droplets also decreased, but no statistically significant difference in cholesterol level was found between the two groups. Expression of the fatty acid transporters Cd36, Slc27a1 and Got2 was downregulated in the ethanol + HFD group. According to echocardiography, the mass and volume of the left ventricle were reduced, and the ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) were increased in mice fed with alcohol. Low doses of ethanol reduced the cardiomyocytes' cross-sectional area and the expression of the hypertrophic markers ANP and BNP. Moreover, Col1a1, the main collagen type expressed in the heart, was also reduced by low-dose ethanol consumption. Also, the expression of Rgs5, a crucial component of the signaling pathway involved in cardiac remodeling and heart failure, was upregulated in response to ethanol intake. The data suggest that low ethanol intake prevents adverse effects induced by a high-fat diet, such as lipid accumulation, cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy and fibrosis. Furthermore, low ethanol intake upregulates Rgs5, which suggests it plays a role in cardiac remodeling and heart failure.


Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathies/prevention & control , Diet, High-Fat , Ethanol/administration & dosage , Protective Agents/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Animals , Cardiomyopathies/diagnostic imaging , Disease Models, Animal , Echocardiography , Ethanol/pharmacology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects , Protective Agents/pharmacology , Random Allocation , Rats
9.
Future Oncol ; 14(13): 1285-1297, 2018 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29774752

ABSTRACT

AIM: Chondrosarcoma is difficult to treat because of resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This study evaluated the effects of ethanol in combination with doxorubicin in chondrosarcoma cells. MATERIALS & METHODS: JJ012, was treated with doxorubicin alone or in combination with ethanol. Effects on cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and the cell cycle were evaluated. RESULTS: Treatment of JJ012 cells with 100 mM ethanol and doxorubicin resulted in reduced cell growth, invasion, and migration. In addition, doxorubicin uptake into the nucleus was enhanced and p53 mRNA expression was upregulated in JJ012 cells. CONCLUSION: Ethanol combined with doxorubicin increased doxorubicin uptake in the nucleus and enhanced the effects of doxorubicin in JJ012 cells.


Subject(s)
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology , Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy , Chondrosarcoma/drug therapy , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects , Ethanol/pharmacology , Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cell Nucleus/drug effects , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Doxorubicin/therapeutic use , Drug Synergism , Drug Therapy, Combination/methods , Ethanol/therapeutic use , Humans , Up-Regulation
10.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 1200, 2018 01 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29352167

ABSTRACT

Cell death inducing DNA fragmentation factor-alpha-like A (Cidea) is a member of cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE) protein. The initial function of CIDE is the promotion of cell death and DNA fragmentation in mammalian cells. Cidea was recently reported to play critical roles in the development of hepatic steatosis. The purpose of present study is to determine the effect of chronic alcohol intake on Cidea expression in the livers of mice with alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cidea expression was significantly increased in the liver of alcohol-induced fatty liver mice. While, knockdown of Cidea caused lipid droplets numbers reduction. Next, we detected the activity of ALDH2 reduction and the concentration of serum acetaldehyde accumulation in our alcohol-induced fatty liver mice. Cidea expression was elevated in AML12 cells exposed to 100uM acetaldehyde. Interestingly, Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that 100 uM acetaldehyde led to the activation of Cidea reporter gene plasmid which containing SRE element. What's more, the knockdown of SREBP1c suppressed acetaldehyde-induced Cidea expression. Overall, our findings suggest that Cidea is highly associated with alcoholic fatty liver disease and Cidea expression is specifically induced by acetaldehyde, and this up-regulation is most likely mediated by SREBP1c.


Subject(s)
Acetaldehyde/metabolism , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics , Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/genetics , Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation , Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/metabolism , Animals , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism , Biomarkers , Disease Models, Animal , Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/pathology , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Lipid Metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Liver/pathology , Liver Function Tests , Mice , Mice, Knockout , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Protein Binding , Response Elements , Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/genetics
11.
J Lipid Res ; 58(8): 1548-1560, 2017 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28536109

ABSTRACT

Both iron and lipids are involved in the progression of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), but the interaction between iron and lipids in AFLD is unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that iron regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism through iron regulatory proteins (IRPs), which interact with the iron-responsive elements (IREs) in the untranslated regions (UTRs) of genes, resulting in lipid accumulation. Using "RNA structure software", we predicted the mRNA secondary structures of more than 100 genes involved in lipid metabolism to investigate whether the IRE structure exists in novel mRNAs. Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) has an IRE-like stem-loop, a noncanonical IRE structure, in its 3'-UTR. Cyp7a1 expression can be regulated by in vivo and in vitro iron treatment. In addition, the noncanonical IRE motif can efficiently bind both to IRP1 and IRP2. The results indicate that hepatic iron overloading in AFLD mice decreased Cyp7a1 expression and resulted in cholesterol accumulation, providing a new mechanism of iron-regulated gene transcription and translation through the interaction between iron and a noncanonical IRE structure in Cyp7a1 mRNA. This finding has significant implications in studying a proposed mechanism for the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis by an Fe/IRP/noncanonical IRE axis.


Subject(s)
Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics , Ethanol/adverse effects , Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects , Iron/pharmacology , 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics , Animals , Base Sequence , Cell Line , Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , RNA Stability , Response Elements/genetics
12.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse ; 43(1): 61-68, 2017 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27739874

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) defines an important stage in the progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To establish a mouse model of AFLD. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into the following two groups: (i) a control group, which was allowed free access to food and water and (ii) an alcohol-treated group, which was administered a 15% (v/v) alcohol solution instead of water. After 8-9 months of treatment, serum biochemical indexes, histopathological changes, liver triglyceride content, iron storage, and ferritin light chain protein expression were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, a commercially available kit, Prussian blue staining, and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the alcohol-treated group displayed increased levels of serum LDH, ALT, and AST, decreased levels of ALB, and no significant change in levels of TP. Additionally, increased levels of serum TG, T-CHO, and LDL and decreased levels of serum GLU and HDL were observed in the alcohol-treated mice. HE staining showed that lipid vacuolization occurred in the livers of alcohol-treated mice. The alcohol-treated mice also exhibited increased liver triglyceride content. Moreover, Prussian blue staining and Western blot analysis demonstrated that chronic alcohol administration caused iron overloading of the liver. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic administration of 15% (v/v) alcohol in the drinking water over 8-9 months caused AFLD in mice. Our results establish an AFLD model that represents a promising tool for the future study of the progression of ALD.


Subject(s)
Ethanol/adverse effects , Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/metabolism , Liver/drug effects , Alanine Transaminase , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Cholesterol/blood , Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1/biosynthesis , Disease Models, Animal , Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/blood , Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/pathology , Iron/metabolism , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood , Lipase/blood , Lipoproteins, HDL/blood , Lipoproteins, LDL/blood , Liver/metabolism , Liver/pathology , Male , Mice , Oxidative Stress
13.
Sci Rep ; 6: 33032, 2016 09 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27618957

ABSTRACT

Cholesterol is essential for all animal life. However, a high level of cholesterol in the body is strongly associated with the progression of various severe diseases. In our study, the potential involvement of alcohol in the regulation of high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor scavenger receptor class B and type I (SR-B1)-mediated reverse cholesterol transport was investigated. We separated male C57BL/6 mice into four diets: control, alcohol, Control + HC and alcohol + HC. The SR-B1 level and 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate- high- density lipoprotein (DiI-HDL) uptake were also measured in AML12 cells and HL7702 cells treated with alcohol. The control + HC diet led to increased hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels while alcohol + HC led no significant change. Compared with that of the control group, the SR-B1 mRNA level was elevated by 27.1% (P < 0.05), 123.8% (P < 0.001) and 343.6% (P < 0.001) in the alcohol, control + HC and alcohol + HC groups, respectively. In AML12 and HL7702 cells, SR-B1 level and DiI-HDL uptake were repressed by SR-B1 siRNA or GW9662. However, these effects were reversed through alcohol treatment. These data suggest that a moderate amount of alcohol plays a novel role in reverse cholesterol transport, mainly mediated by PPARγ and SR-B1.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/metabolism , Cholesterol/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Scavenger Receptors, Class B/metabolism , Animals , Biological Transport, Active , Cell Line , Lipoproteins, HDL/metabolism , Mice , PPAR gamma/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Triglycerides/metabolism
14.
Brain Res ; 1130(1): 108-13, 2007 Jan 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17169344

ABSTRACT

The present study investigated whether morphine can promote regeneration and synaptic reconstruction of the terminals of injured primary afferent fibers in lamina II of the spinal cord in rats following sciatic nerve injury. Fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP)-positive terminals in lamina II of the L4 spinal segment after sciatic nerve injury were assessed after treatment with vehicle, morphine, and naloxone plus morphine. Under the electron microscope, types I and II complex terminals of unmyelinated afferent fibers from the dorsal root, simple terminals of interneuronal axons, and terminals of descending axons at lamina II of the L4 spinal segment were documented in the different groups after injury. FRAP-positive terminals in lamina II were depleted after sciatic nerve injury in the vehicle group. Treatment with morphine increased the numbers of FRAP-positive terminals, and this was prevented by naloxone. The present study demonstrates that morphine may promote the regeneration and synaptic reconstruction of the terminals of injured primary unmyelinated afferent fibers in lamina II of spinal cord, by a process mediated by mu-opioid receptors.


Subject(s)
Afferent Pathways/drug effects , Morphine/metabolism , Nerve Regeneration/drug effects , Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism , Synapses/ultrastructure , Acid Phosphatase/metabolism , Afferent Pathways/cytology , Afferent Pathways/metabolism , Animals , Male , Nerve Crush , Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated/drug effects , Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated/metabolism , Nerve Regeneration/physiology , Neuroprotective Agents/metabolism , Protein Kinases/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sciatic Nerve/cytology , Sciatic Nerve/injuries , Sciatic Nerve/physiology , Spinal Cord/cytology , Spinal Cord/metabolism , Synapses/drug effects , Synapses/physiology , TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
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