[Application of psychological scales recommended by DC/TMD in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders].

PURPOSE: To observe psychological conditions such as anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms of temporomandibular disorders(TMD) patients using psychological scales recommended by DC/TMD and evaluate their clinical significance as the psychological axis for TMD diagnosis. METHODS: The experimental group included 100 TMD patients, and the control group comprised 100 normal prosthodontics outpatients without TMD symptoms. General information were collected including age, gender, education level, and personal income. The anxiety disorder scale (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, GAD-7), depression symptom scale (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9) and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) were used to evaluate patients' psychological conditions. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Patients less than 30 years old and between 30-50 years had similar TMD occurrence rates, both significantly higher than those older than 50 years old(P＜0.05). The proportion of highly educated patients in TMD group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05), while the income level was not a risk factor for TMD (P=0.642). The incidence and average scores of anxiety, not the depression or somatic symptoms, in experimental group were significantly higher than the control group(P＜0.05). The level of anxiety and depression in painful TMD patients was significantly higher than patients with joint disease(P＞0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Gender(female), age (＜50 years old) and high education level (undergraduate and above) are risk factors of TMD, but the income level is irrelevant. The incidence and scores of anxiety in TMD patients are higher than normal prosthodontics outpatients, while there is no significant difference in the incidence of depression and somatic symptoms between two groups.

[Design and application of an oral health self-efficacy scale for patients with dental implants].

PURPOSE: To design an oral health self-efficacy scale for patients with dental implants and to evaluate their reliability and validity. METHODS: Based on literature review, we designed and developed a self-efficacy energy table that met the characteristics of implant patients. The scale consisted of 16 items which were divided into 3 dimensions, including self-efficacy of dental implant surgery, self-efficacy of postoperative supportive care, and self-efficacy of oral hygiene habits. The reliability and validity of the scale were evaluated by factor analysis in 102 outpatients with dental implants using SPSS 13.3 software package. RESULTS: A total of 4 common factors were extracted from the scale, and the cumulative contribution rate was 75.35%. The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.910, and the retest correlation coefficient was 0.882, which belonged to high-signal scale. CONCLUSIONS: The oral health self-efficacy energy scale for implant patients with independent design has high reliability and validity. It can provide targeted guidance for oral health education for implant patients and improve the success rate of implant surgery.

[Diameter measurements of the smoke particles produced by high frequency electrotome during prosthetic surgery and its protection].

PURPOSE: To measure the particle size of surgical smoke produced by high frequency electrotome during prosthetic treatment. METHODS: The smoking machine was turned on when using high frequency electrotome simultaneously. Changes in the PM2.5 and PM10 concentration were measured by air quality detector. The sponge filter used in the smoking machine for 2 weeks was used as the experimental group with the intact one served as the control. The diameter and distribution of the smoke particles were observed under electric microscope scanning (SEM), and the difference between 2 groups was analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software package. RESULTS: Both PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations increased dramatically by the surgical smoke. SEM results demonstrated that the mean diameter of smoke particles was approximately 3.3 µm and most of them were smaller than 10 µm. CONCLUSIONS: The diameter of surgical smoke particles was similar to PM2.5 size, which is harmful to human health. Address of individual awareness and enhancing safety control are recommended.