Subject(s)
Genotyping Techniques/methods , Mink/genetics , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Animals , Color , Confidence Intervals , Genetic Loci , Genetic Markers , Genetics, Population/methods , Heterozygote , Linkage Disequilibrium , Mink/metabolismABSTRACT
Low protein intake occurs in humans in relation to diseases, starvation and post-operatively. Low-protein diets may affect the gastrointestinal structure and mechanical function. The aim was to study the passive biomechanical properties and tissue remodelling of the intestine in minks on reduced protein diets. Twenty-seven male minks were divided into three groups receiving different protein level in the diet for 6 weeks: High protein level (group H, 55% energy from protein), moderate protein level (group M, 30% energy from protein) and low protein level (group L, 15% energy from protein) (n=9 for each group). Ten centimetre long segments from duodenum, jejunum and ileum were excised at the end of the study period. The mechanical test was performed as a ramp distension experiment. The intestinal diameter and length, wall thickness, wall area and opening angle were obtained from digitized images of the intestinal segments at pre-selected pressures, no-load and zero-stress states, respectively. Circumferential and longitudinal stresses (force per area) and strains (deformation) were computed. The layer thickness was measured from intestinal histological images. No difference in body weight was found between groups at the start of the experiment. However, at the end of the experiment the body weight was smallest in group L (P=0.0003 and 0.0004 compared with groups H and M). Similarly, the wet weight per unit length, wall thickness and area were smallest in group L (P<0.05, P<0.01). The lowest wall thickness was found in the jejunum and ileum in group L (P<0.05), mainly due to decreased mucosa and submucosa thickness. The smallest opening angle and absolute values of residual strain were found in the jejunal segment in group L (P<0.05). No difference was observed for duodenal and ileal segments among the three groups. Feeding the low-protein diet shifted the stress-strain curves to the right for the circumferential direction, indicating the wall become softer in the circumferential direction. However, no significant difference was observed in the longitudinal direction for any of the intestinal segments. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that low-protein diet in minks induce histomorphometric and biomechanical remodelling of the intestine.
