[Transplant patient and kidney graft survival in a retrospective cohort in Mexico]. / Supervivencia del paciente trasplantado y del injerto renal en una cohorte retrospectiva en México.

Background: Knowledge of the functionality of the graft and patient survival is essential to assess the success of kidney transplantation. Objective: To determine the survival of transplanted patients by type of donor and the functionality of kidney grafts in a cohort in Mexico. Material and methods: Kidney transplant cohort from 2013 to 2017 in Mexico. 790 patients followed up for one year were analyzed to assess the survival of transplanted patients by type of donor and the functionality of kidney grafts. For this, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used, as well as Kaplan-Meier survival tables with SPSS, version 25. Results: Out of the 790 patients, 518 were from living donors (65.56%) with patient survival of 97.88% and graft function of 93.24% at 12 months of follow-up; 272 patients received the graft from a deceased donor with patient survival of 91.18% and renal graft function of 84.19%. Conclusions: There is still a difference of almost 5% in the survival of the recipient patient from a living donor compared to a deceased donor. For the functionality of the kidney graft, this difference is > 7%. Cadaveric donation has increased; however, even at low figures is of approximately 35% in Mexico.

Introducción: el conocimiento de la funcionalidad del injerto y la supervivencia del paciente es fundamental para valorar el éxito del trasplante renal. Objetivo: determinar la supervivencia de los pacientes trasplantados por tipo de donante y la funcionalidad de los injertos renales en una cohorte en México. Material y métodos: cohorte de trasplante renal de 2013 a 2017 en México. Se analizaron 790 pacientes seguidos por un año para valorar la supervivencia de los pacientes trasplantados por tipo de donante y la funcionalidad de los injertos renales. Para ello se usaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, así como tablas de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier con SPSS, versión 25. Resultados: de los 790 pacientes, 518 fueron de donante vivo (65.56%) con supervivencia del paciente de 97.88% y de funcionalidad del injerto de 93.24% a 12 meses de seguimiento; 272 pacientes recibieron el injerto de donante fallecido con supervivencia del paciente de 91.18% y funcionalidad del injerto renal de 84.19%. Conclusiones: aún existe una diferencia de casi 5% en la supervivencia del paciente receptor de un donante vivo en referencia con un donante fallecido. Para la funcionalidad del injerto renal esta diferencia es > 7%. La donación cadavérica ha aumentado; sin embargo, incluso en cifras bajas es de aproximadamente el 35% en México.

A 6-mRNA host response classifier in whole blood predicts outcomes in COVID-19 and other acute viral infections.

Predicting the severity of COVID-19 remains an unmet medical need. Our objective was to develop a blood-based host-gene-expression classifier for the severity of viral infections and validate it in independent data, including COVID-19. We developed a logistic regression-based classifier for the severity of viral infections and validated it in multiple viral infection settings including COVID-19. We used training data (N = 705) from 21 retrospective transcriptomic clinical studies of influenza and other viral illnesses looking at a preselected panel of host immune response messenger RNAs. We selected 6 host RNAs and trained logistic regression classifier with a cross-validation area under curve of 0.90 for predicting 30-day mortality in viral illnesses. Next, in 1417 samples across 21 independent retrospective cohorts the locked 6-RNA classifier had an area under curve of 0.94 for discriminating patients with severe vs. non-severe infection. Next, in independent cohorts of prospectively (N = 97) and retrospectively (N = 100) enrolled patients with confirmed COVID-19, the classifier had an area under curve of 0.89 and 0.87, respectively, for identifying patients with severe respiratory failure or 30-day mortality. Finally, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal gene expression assay for the 6-messenger-RNA panel to facilitate implementation as a rapid assay. With further study, the classifier could assist in the risk assessment of COVID-19 and other acute viral infections patients to determine severity and level of care, thereby improving patient management and reducing healthcare burden.

Supervivencia del paciente trasplantado y del injerto renal en una cohorte retrospectiva en México / Transplant patient and kidney graft survival in a retrospective cohort in Mexico

Introducción: el conocimiento de la funcionalidad del injerto y la supervivencia del paciente es fundamental para valorar el éxito del trasplante renal. Objetivo: determinar la supervivencia de los pacientes trasplantados por tipo de donante y la funcionalidad de los injertos renales en una cohorte en México. Material y métodos: cohorte de trasplante renal de 2013 a 2017 en México. Se analizaron 790 pacientes seguidos por un año para valorar la supervivencia de los pacientes trasplantados por tipo de donante y la funcionalidad de los injertos renales. Para ello se usaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, así como tablas de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier con SPSS, versión 25. Resultados: de los 790 pacientes, 518 fueron de donante vivo (65.56%) con supervivencia del paciente de 97.88% y de funcionalidad del injerto de 93.24% a 12 meses de seguimiento; 272 pacientes recibieron el injerto de donante fallecido con supervivencia del paciente de 91.18% y funcionalidad del injerto renal de 84.19%. Conclusiones: aún existe una diferencia de casi 5% en la supervivencia del paciente receptor de un donante vivo en referencia con un donante fallecido. Para la funcionalidad del injerto renal esta diferencia es > 7%. La donación cadavérica ha aumentado; sin embargo, incluso en cifras bajas es de aproximadamente el 35% en México

Background: Knowledge of the functionality of the graft and patient survival is essential to assess the success of kidney transplantation. Objective: To determine the survival of transplanted patients by type of donor and the functionality of kidney grafts in a cohort in Mexico. Material and methods: Kidney transplant cohort from 2013 to 2017 in Mexico. 790 patients followed up for one year were analyzed to assess the survival of transplanted patients by type of donor and the functionality of kidney grafts. For this, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used, as well as Kaplan-Meier survival tables with SPSS, version 25. Results: Out of the 790 patients, 518 were from living donors (65.56%) with patient survival of 97.88% and graft function of 93.24% at 12 months of follow-up; 272 patients received the graft from a deceased donor with patient survival of 91.18% and renal graft function of 84.19%. Conclusions: There is still a difference of almost 5% in the survival of the recipient patient from a living donor compared to a deceased donor. For the functionality of the kidney graft, this difference is > 7%. Cadaveric donation has increased; however, even at low figures is of approximately 35% in Mexico

Edible mushroom powder (Agaricus bisporus) and flavophospholipol improve performance and blood parameters of broilers / Champiñón en polvo (Agaricus bisporus) y flavofosfolipol mejoran el desarrollo y parámetros sanguíneos en pollos de engorde / O uso de champignon em pó (Agaricus bisporus) e flavofosfolipol melhoram o desenvolvimento e parâmetros sanguíneos em frangos de corte

Background: flavophospholipol is an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP). The current ban of AGP in some countries is controversial because their benefits on the environment and economy by saving feed and reducing nitrogen excretion have been overlooked. White button mushrooms have important nutritional properties and the industry discards large quantities of waste that could be fed to animals. Objective: to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of five levels of edible mushroom powder (EMP) and flavophospholipol on the performance and blood serum metabolites of broilers. Methods: a total of 300 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 10 treatments with three replicates of 10 chicks per pen. The experiment consisted of a factorial arrangement (2x5 treatments) with five inclusion levels of EMP supplementation (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/kg of diet) and the addition of 0 or 5 mg/kg of flavophospholipol. Results: supplementation with EMP and flavophospholipol, as individual factors, had a negative effect on feed intake, but positively affected broiler weight gains and feed conversion ratio. Antibiotic supplementation increased uric acid concentration and, as an interaction with mushroom powder, reduced serum triglycerides, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL). The EMP also affected serum concentration of total cholesterol. Conclusion: the two substances studied, but not their combination, had a positive effect on growth performance of chickens that could be translated into economic benefits.

Antecedentes: el flavofosfolipol es un antibiótico promotor del crecimiento (AGP). La actual prohibición de los AGP en muchos países es polémica porque sus beneficios económicos y medioambientales a través del ahorro en pienso y la disminución en la producción de heces y nitrógeno son pasados por alto. El champiñón común tiene importantes propiedades nutricionales y la industria desecha grandes cantidades de subproducto que podrían ser aprovechables en la alimentación de animales. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de cinco niveles de champiñón en polvo (EMP) y flavofosfolipol sobre el desarrollo y metabolitos sanguíneos en suero de pollos de engorde. Métodos: trescientos pollos de engorde machos de un día de vida fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en 10 grupos en función del tratamiento con tres réplicas de 10 animales. El diseño experimental consistió en un arreglo factorial (2x5 tratamientos), incluyendo cinco concentraciones de champiñón en polvo (0, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5 2,0 g/kg de alimento) y la adición de 0 o 5 mg/kg de flavofosfolipol. Resultados: la suplementación con EMP y flavofosfolipol, individualmente, tiene un efecto negativo en la ingestión diaria de alimento, pero positivo sobre la ganancia de peso vivo y el índice de conversión. La suplementación con antibióticos aumenta la concentración de ácido úrico en sangre e, interaccionando con el champiñón en polvo, disminuye la concentración sérica de triglicéridos y de colesterol de muy baja densidad (VLDL). El EMP también afectó la concentración sérica de colesterol total. Conclusiones: las dos sustancias estudiadas, pero no su combinación, tuvieron un efecto positivo sobre el desarrollo de los pollos de engorde que se puede traducir en un beneficio económico.

Antecedentes: o flavofosfolipol é um antibiótico promotor de crescimento (AGP). A proibição de AGP em muitos países é controversa pois os seus benefícios económicos e ambientais a través da poupança de subministro de alimento e diminuição da produção de fezes e nitrogênio tendem a ser esquecidos. A respeito disso, o cogumelo tem propriedades nutricionais interessantes e a indústria alimentícia rejeita grandes quantidades deste produto que poderiam ser de utilidade para ser aproveitadas na alimentação animal. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de cinco níveis diferentes do cogumelo em pó (EMP) e da presença ou não de flavofosfolipol sobre o desenvolvimento e a concentração sérica de vários metabolitos em frangos de corte. Métodos: trezentos frangos de um dia foram aleatoriamente divididos em dez grupos de acordo com o tratamento, com três repetições de dez animais. Usou-se um delineamento experimental fatorial (2x5 tratamentos), em que os tratamentos realizados incluíram cinco concentrações de champignon em pó (0, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5 e 2,0 g/kg de ração) e da adição da 0 ou 5 mg/kg flavofosfolipol. Resultados: adicionar flavofosfolipol e cogumelo em pó às dietas exerce, independentemente, uma diminuição sobre a ingestão diária da ração, mas com resultados positivos no ganho de peso e na taxa de conversão alimentar. O antibiótico aumenta a concentração de ácido úrico no sangue; quando está associado com o pó de cogumelo, diminui a concentração sérica de triglicerídeos e colesterol de baixa densidade (VLDL). O consumo do pó de cogumelo afetou a concentração sérica do colesterol total. Conclusões: as duas substâncias estudadas, mas consumidas independentemente, têm um efeito positivo sobre o desenvolvimento com o intuito de ter além, um benefício econômico na produção de frangos de corte.