[Effect of the DiabetIMSS program on cardiovascular risk, blood pressure and HDL cholesterol in patients with metabolic syndrome]. / Efecto de DiabetIMSS sobre el riesgo cardiovascular, la tensión arterial y el colesterol-HDL en pacientes con síndrome metabólico.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the DiabetIMSS program on cardiovascular risk, blood pressure and HDL cholesterol in patients with metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Quasi-experimental intervention study. Non-probabilistic convenience sampling. 35 subjects in the educational strategy one year were included. The following variables were collected: age, gender, smoking, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure; cardiovascular risk calculator based on Framingham is calculated. Descriptive and inferential statistical percentages with Student t test was used. RESULTS: There was an increase in the proportion of subjects increased their subsequent figures HDL cholesterol intervention, there by generating an increase of protective factor (p < 0.05). Because of the blood pressure a marked improvement in all ranges of blood pressure (p < 0.05) was presented. CONCLUSIONS: The educational strategy for the control of diabetic patients presented a favorable performance in HDL-cholesterol and blood pressure, reducing the risk of cardiovascular patients.

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del programa DiabetIMSS sobre el riesgo cardiovascular, la tensión arterial y colesterol-HDL en pacientes con síndrome metabólico. Métodos: estudio de intervención cuasiexperimental. Muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se incluyeron 35 sujetos que participaron en la estrategia educativa de un año de duración. Se recolectaron las siguientes variables: edad, género, tabaquismo, colesterol total, HDL, TA sistólica y diastólica; se calculó el riesgo cardiovascular con calculadora basada en Framingham. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva con porcentajes e inferencial con t de Student. Resultados: hubo una elevación de la proporción de sujetos que incrementaron sus cifras del colesterol-HDL posterior a la intervención, generando, por ende, un incremento del factor protector (p < 0.05). En razón de las cifras tensionales, se presentó una mejoría notable en todos los rangos de presión arterial (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: la estrategia educativa para el control del paciente diabético presentó un comportamiento favorable en el colesterol-HDL y tensión arterial, disminuyendo el riesgo cardiovascular de los pacientes.

[Impact of an educational institutional program in the control of the diabetic patient]. / Impacto de un programa institucional educativo en el control del paciente diabético.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the impact of an educational institutional program in the control of type 2 diabetic patient. METHODS: intervention educational study, with quasi-experimental and self-controlled subjects. A convenience non-probabilistic sample was used including 151 patients from the program for the integral care of diabetic patients. Demographic variables: gender, age, type of insurance, somatometric and metabolic profile. The assistance to a one-year length, educational program was necessary. Descriptive and inferential parametric statistics were used. RESULTS: 106 women and 45 men, with age range between 15 and 87 years, and with an average of 57.22 ± 11.47, were studied. A significant decrease in body mass index, waist circumference, venous glucose fasting and post-prandial values, cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and glycosylated hemoglobin (t Student semi-detached, p < 0.05) was observed. There were no changes in diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.334). CONCLUSIONS: one year afterwards, the strategy based on education for the control of the diabetic patient shown a favorable pattern in most of somatometric and metabolic parameters. We suggest to extend this study over a longer period to determine if the effects persist over time.

Objetivo: evaluar el impacto de un programa institucional educativo en el control del paciente diabético tipo 2. Métodos: estudio de intervención educativa cuasi experimental y sujetos como su propio control. Muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se incluyeron 151 pacientes del programa para la atención integral del paciente diabético. Variables demográficas: Género, edad, tipo de aseguramiento, somatometría y perfil metabólico. Se aplicó un programa educativo de un año de duración. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial paramétrica. Resultados: se estudiaron 106 mujeres y 45 hombres cuyo rango de edad iba de 15 a 87 años, con una media de 57.22 ± 11.47. Se observó una disminución significativa en su índice de masa corporal, perímetro de cintura, glucosa venosa en ayuno, glucosa posprandial, colesterol, tensión arterial sistólica, triglicéridos y hemoglobina glucosilada (t de Student pareada, p < 0.05). No hubo cambios en la tensión arterial diastólica (p = 0.334). Conclusiones: la estrategia educativa para el control del paciente diabético presentó un comportamiento favorable en la mayoría de los parámetros somatométricos y metabólicos a un año de seguimiento. Se sugiere que se extienda el estudio a un periodo mayor para determinar si los efectos perduran con el tiempo.

[Parity and menarche as risk factors of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Mexican women]. / Paridad y menarquia como factores de riesgo de osteoporosis en mujeres posmenopáusicas mexicanas.

BACKGROUND: At the moment the studies lead at world-wide level and even in our country have thrown discrepant results about the relation between osteoporosis, parity and age of menarche. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Mexican women with multiparity and age of menarche. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A retrospective and analytical cross-sectional study, with a non-probabilistic sampling technique in women rightful claimants of the IMSS, San Luis Potosi. In all of them the bone mineral density was measured with X-ray dual absorptiometry in the distal forearm. Reproductive history and age of menarche were obtained by the addition of these items to the previously validated Albrand questionnaire. Women were divided into groups according to the number of pregnancies in: normal parity (0 to 3 childbirths) conformed by 112 patients (46%) and multiparity (> or = 4 pregnancies), 131 women (54%). In relation to menarche with an average of 12.98 years, from this number we divided them in: early menarche (< 13 yrs) and late menarche (> or = 13 yrs). RESULTS: 243 women were studied, with an average of age of 55.92, rank 31 to 80 years. Using the criteria of the World Health Organization, 18% of postmenopausal women had osteoporosis, 39% had osteopenia and 43% had bone normality. No association was found between the number of pregnancies and osteoporosis. Additionally we observed that the women who had four or more children were older than the other women, average 57.42 against 54.16. Also there was significant negative correlation (r = -0.43) between age and densitometry. We found that an age greater to 13 years in the appearance of the menarche was related to osteoporosis (OR 4.46, p: 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: In postmenopausal women a menarche older than 13 years is a risk factor for osteoporosis.

[Sensitivity and specificity of a utility model of the detection of diabetic neuropathy]. / Sensibilidad y especificidad de un modelo de utilidad para la detección de neuropatía diabética.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a utility model can be used with acceptable sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). METHODS: Cross sectional study, non-probability sampling, in 381 type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic foot risk. To determine the DPN, it was evaluated the protective sensation in 10 sites on the foot. It was a positive diagnosis if three or more points showed insensitivity at the touch of the skin with Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (SWM). Monofilament was compared to the utility model (MMU); the diagnostic methods of application were the same for both. RESULTS: Mean age was 62 years, 11 years of development of DM, mean body mass index of 29 kg/m2, average glucose 129 mg/dL (78-264 mg/dL). With sensitivity of 73.68%, 97.67% of specificity, positive predictive value 77.78%, negative predictive value 97.10%, the positive likelihood ratio was 31.59 and the negative likelihood ratio 0.27. CONCLUSION: Currently, diagnostic devices for tactile sensory loss are not readily available in our country; therefore, the results of this research will help to make the diagnosis of the MMU timely, inexpensive and easily accessible.