ABSTRACT
Twenty-eight patients (11 Caucasian, 17 black) whose blood pressure was more than 160/96 mmHg after 4 weeks on placebo added to atenolol 100 mg/day were randomly given, in addition, nisoldipine 10 mg or nifedipine 20 mg each twice a day for 8 weeks in a double-blind cross-over study. There was a statistically significant (P < 0.001) fall in blood pressure with no change in heart rate, both supine and erect, on both drugs. There were no significant differences between nisoldipine and nifedipine. Adverse effects were recorded in 15%, 17% and 35% of the patients available for safety comparison for placebo, nisoldipine and nifedipine, respectively. There were no significant differences between the black and Caucasian patients in blood pressure responses, although the study had only a low power to detect these. However, the fasting serum triglyceride levels at the end of both calcium antagonist treatment periods were highly significantly lower in the black patients compared with the Caucasian patients. Nisoldipine, which has a higher coronary vascular selectivity and less negative inotropism than nifedipine, is as effective and as well tolerated as nifedipine in patients whose hypertension is inadequately controlled on atenolol. It may have a special role in hypertensive patients with impaired left ventricular function.
Subject(s)
Atenolol/therapeutic use , Hypertension/drug therapy , Nifedipine/therapeutic use , Nisoldipine/therapeutic use , Black People , Double-Blind Method , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Hypertension/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Triglycerides/blood , White PeopleABSTRACT
Seven young male volunteers received a single oral dose of Oruvail (ketoprofen 200 mg capsule) on two occasions, immediately after either a light/lean or a heavy/fatty meal at breakfast time. Administration of ketoprofen immediately following the heavy meal slightly, but significantly, delayed the absorption of the drug, as evidenced by mean (+/- S.D.)Tmax values of 6.7 (+/- 1.0) and 9.0 (+/- 1.4) hours respectively. Changing the type of meal had no statistically significant effect on the maximum plasma level, apparent plasma elimination half-life (t 1/2 h), area under the plasma level versus time curve, total plasma clearance, and urinary recovery of total ketoprofen, indicating that the bioavailability (and the systemic level) of ketoprofen was not affected by meal composition.
Subject(s)
Food , Ketoprofen/metabolism , Phenylpropionates/metabolism , Administration, Oral , Adult , Biological Availability , Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Dietary Fats/pharmacology , Energy Intake , Half-Life , Humans , Intestinal Absorption , Kinetics , MaleABSTRACT
A twelve-week parallel study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of nicardipine plus propranolol with that of propranolol alone in 67 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Efficacy data was analysed for 50 patients. The regimens used were 90 mg X day-1 of nicardipine and 120 mg X day-1 of propranolol. Both treatments significantly reduced supine and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure from baseline values at all visits. At all visits, concomitant administration of nicardipine and propranolol produced a greater reduction in systolic and diastolic pressures than did propranolol alone, although the difference between treatments did not always reach statistical significance. Few adverse events were reported, and none was clinically important. We conclude that nicardipine taken concomitantly with propranolol is more effective than propranolol alone in treating patients with hypertension and that the combined regimen is well tolerated.
Subject(s)
Hypertension/drug therapy , Nicardipine/administration & dosage , Propranolol/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Double-Blind Method , Drug Therapy, Combination , Drug Tolerance , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nicardipine/therapeutic use , Propranolol/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The haemodynamic effect of Tolmesoxide, a new sulphoxide chemically dissimilar from other vasodilators, was investigated in eight patients with chronic heart failure subsequent to ischaemic heart disease and/or hypertension. Tolmesoxide significantly increased the cardiac output and reduced the indices of systemic vascular resistance, the mean pulmonary arterial pressure and left ventricular filling pressure in most patients studied. These changes were observed both as acute and chronic effects. No significant effect on the mean arterial pressure, heart rate or myocardial oxygen supply/demand was observed. Tolmesoxide appeared to be therapeutically potent by both intravenous and oral routes.
Subject(s)
Heart Failure/drug therapy , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Sulfoxides/therapeutic use , Administration, Oral , Aged , Cardiac Output/drug effects , Drug Evaluation , Female , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Humans , Infusions, Parenteral , Male , Middle Aged , Sulfoxides/administration & dosage , Vasodilation/drug effectsABSTRACT
The antihypertensive effect of slow-release metoprolol was studied in 50 patients suffering from mild to moderate essential hypertension. In a double-blind crossover study, the effect of slow-release metoprolol was compared with conventional metoprolol for efficacy and tolerability in 40 patients. After a 2-week period on placebo, patients received either 200 mg slow-release metoprolol once daily or 200 mg conventional metoprolol once daily for 6 weeks before crossing over to the alternative dosage form for a further 6 weeks. The results showed that both slow-release and conventional metoprolol were equipotent and reduced significantly the pulse rate and also the supine, sitting and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Slow-release metoprolol also reduced the exercise blood pressure in 10 patients following 2-weeks' administration of 200 mg daily in a single dose. Good patient compliance with the medication was observed. No adverse effect attributable to slow-release metoprolol or conventional metoprolol was detected throughout the study.
Subject(s)
Hypertension/drug therapy , Metoprolol/administration & dosage , Propanolamines/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Body Weight/drug effects , Clinical Trials as Topic , Delayed-Action Preparations , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Hypertension/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Physical ExertionABSTRACT
The efficacy and acceptability of single daily doses of a fixed combination of 400 mg acebutolol and 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide were assessed in an open study of 30 patients suffering from mild to moderate essential hypertension. Results from 20 patients who completed the 6-months' active drug period, and 9 patients whose treatment was terminated at various times before the end of this period, indicated significant reduction in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in supine, sitting and standing positions. This effect was apparent from the first month on drug therapy and was maintained throughout the 6-month trial. In no patient was withdrawal from this study attributable to side-effects of the drug. Results indicated good control of hypertension by a single dose of the combined drugs and good patient compliance was observed during the study. Potassium loss, frequently experienced during hydrochlorothiazide treatment, was not observed in the presence of acebutolol.
