ABSTRACT
Las derivaciones portocava marcaron un hito en el devenir histórico de la cirugía para el manejo de la hipertensión portal. El sangrado por várices esofágicas representa una urgencia quirúrgica que demanda intervención inmediata. El tratamiento de las várices esofágicas por abordaje endoscópico o por TIPS y, por otra parte, el advenimiento del trasplante hepático como un procedimiento estándar, ha disminuido la frecuencia con que se realizan tales derivaciones. Sin embargo, estos procedimientos tienen indicaciones precisas, tanto como intervenciones de urgencia en algunos casos de hemorragia esofágica, como en forma electiva en determinados pacientes con hipertensión portal.Hemos hecho una revisión de la literatura y de los conocimientos actuales de las derivaciones portocava a raíz de un caso tratado en forma exitosa en el Hospital Occidente de Kennedy en Bogotá, Colombia.
Portocaval shunts constitute a milestone in the history of the surgical treatment of portal hypertension. Bleeding from esophageal varices is a surgical emergency that demands immediate intervention. The endoscopic management of esophageal varices and the advent of TIPS, plus the development of liver transplantation have diminished the frequency of the use of portocaval shunts. However, these procedures have precise indications, both as emergency operations in some cases of esophageal varicose hemorrhage as well as elective procedures in selected patients with portal hypertension. We hereby present a literature review of the state of the art of portocaval shunts motivated by a patient that was successfully treated at Hospital Occidente de Kennedy in Bogotá, Colombia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Esophageal and Gastric Varices , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage , Hypertension, Portal , Portacaval Shunt, SurgicalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Bacterial translocation (BT) describes the passage of bacteria residing into the gastrointestinal tract, through the intestinal mucosa barrier to sterile tissues such as mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and other organs. This phenomenon has not been thoroughly studied in patients with trauma to date, and an association between BT and postoperative infection has not been well established so far. METHODS: MLNs from 36 patients with abdominal trauma were removed during laparotomy and cultured to detect BT. Postoperative infectious complications in these patients were registered, and both phenotypical and molecular typings (through multilocus sequencing) were carried out for microorganisms isolated from MLN and postoperative infection sites. Associations between clinical variables, BT presence, and postoperative infection development were established. RESULTS: BT was detected in 33% of the patients (n = 12). Postoperative infections were present in 22.2% of the patients (n = 8). A significant statistical difference was found between postoperative infections in patients with BT evidence (41.6%), when compared with patients without BT (12.5%; p = 0.047). Bacteria isolated from infection sites were the same as those cultured in MLN in 40% of the cases (n = 2 of 5), allowing us to establish causality between BT and postoperative infection. CONCLUSIONS: There is higher risk of BT in trauma patients, and it is associated with a significant increase of postoperative infections. An abdominal trauma index ≥10 was found to be associated with the development of BT. This is the first study describing BT among patients with abdominal trauma, where causality is confirmed at molecular level.
