ABSTRACT
We retrospectively analyzed whether sedation for colonoscopy in older patients is as safe as in younger patients. This case-control study evaluated 149 consecutive older patients aged ≥65 years and 149 younger patients aged <65 years hospitalized in a tertiary hospital gastroenterology reference center for colonoscopy with propofol sedation. Data on American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, dose of propofol, dose of intravenous fluids, blood pressure, heart rate, saturation, both before and during anesthesia were collected. Additionally, physician experience, duration of anesthesia, and recovery time were analyzed. The median age was 74,2 years in the older group and 49,4 years in the younger group. Patients were mainly ASA II in both groups. The dose of propofol administered was higher in the younger vs the older group (2,9 vs 2,01 mg/kg, p <0,0001). There were no bradyarrhythmias, no hypotension and no decrease in saturation in either group. There were no differences in blood pressure, heart rate, and saturation in older patients, regardless of whether anesthesia was performed by a resident or a specialist. In this setting, colonoscopy under propofol-based sedation in patients ≥65 years was as safe as in younger patients and there was no difference in safety when the anesthetic was administered by a resident or a specialist in anesthesiology. These data suggest that older patients do not need a longer hospital stay because of sedation.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia , Colonoscopy , Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use , Propofol/therapeutic use , Aged , Anesthesiology , Case-Control Studies , Humans , Middle Aged , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular events (CVE) contribute to serious complications and death after liver transplantation (LT). Troponin I (TnI) level >0.07 mg/L and prior cardiac disease are known to be the independent predictors for posttransplant CVE. We evaluated single-center cardiac workup to predict early cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after LT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We recruited 105 consecutive liver transplant recipients (male/female, 59/46; mean age, 51.66 ± 11.67 years). The cardiological assessment at evaluation for LT included medical history, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, Holter monitoring, and exercise test. We collected data regarding CVE including hypotonia with catecholamine usage, arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death, pulmonary edema, and myocardial infarction within 7 days after LT. RESULTS: CVE during LT occurred in 42 recipients (40%) and after LT in 9 patients (8.57%). Proposed cutoff level of TnI >0.07 mg/L did not correlate with CVE during operation (P = .73) or after LT (P = .47). CVE during LT was associated with arterial hypertension in medical history (P <.001), right ventricular systolic pressure (P< .05), and clinical scores: Child-Pugh (P = .04), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) (P = .04), MELD incorporating serum sodium (P<.03), and integrated MELD score (P = .01). CVE after LT correlated only with arrhythmia (P<.001) and catecholamine usage (P < .05) perioperatively. Of interest, catecholamine usage during LT was associated with prolonged stay at the intensive care unit (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The single-center algorithm with noninvasive cardiac procedures without TnI assessment is optimal in evaluation before LT; however, medical history and severity of the liver disease are crucial for short-term cardiovascular morbidity after LT.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , End Stage Liver Disease/complications , Liver Transplantation/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Male , Middle Aged , Preoperative Period , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome , Troponin I/analysisABSTRACT
The so-called learning factor has been disregarded for many years in analyzing the causes of surgical complications and post-operative mortality; it is also the case for OLT. In our center until April 2003, 209 OLT were performed in 196 patients. We evaluated the impact of experience of the transplantation team on the outcomes of liver transplantation. Thirty-four patients died (mortality rate, 16%) and 1-year survival rate, 64%. Mortality rates varied during different periods of observation due to increasing experience of the transplantation team. The causes of mortality were assessed for a series of 34 patients: it was 75% at the beginning of transplantation procedures while recent deaths have not recently exceeded 10% of cases.
