Changes in the Microbiome of Milk in Cows with Mastitis.

Analysis of milk micrbiomes from healthy cows and cows with different (clinical and subclinical) forms of mastitis was performed at two farms of the Central Russia. An increase in the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of bacteria of the phylum Proteоbacteria belonging primarily to Pseudomonadales, Burkholderiales, as well as Streptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Bacillaceae in the animals with mastitis was detected. The Planococcaceae OTU percentage decreased. The ratio of rarely presented OTUs also changed in the milk of animals with mastitis.

Exotoxin diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk of cows with subclinical mastitis in Central Russia.

Mastitis, a major veterinary problem widespread in many regions, is caused mainly by Staphylococcus spp. However, there is no current reliable information about the role of Staphylococcus aureus and their toxins in the development of mastitis in cows in the territory of the Russian Federation. The aim of this investigation was to determine the profile of exotoxins of S. aureus from cow milk from farms of Central Russia. A total of 60 isolates of S. aureus were obtained from milk samples of cows with the subclinical form of mastitis. The exotoxin genes were identified using 2 types of PCR assays. The diversity of enterotoxin genes was studied by multiplex PCR. The percentage occurrence of enterotoxin genes was as follows: sea, 53.3%; seb, 3.3%; sec, 50%; sed, 4%; see, 46.6%; seg, 70%; sei, 10%; selp, 3.3%; and tsst1, 1.6%. The seh gene was not detected. The genes of pore-forming toxins and phenol-soluble modulins were identified by singleplex PCR and consisted of the following: hlA, 70%; lucS, 46.6%; psmA, 81.6%; psmB, 95%; and hld, 78.3%. The most abundant genes were psm (psmB, 95%), which codes for pore-forming toxins, and seg (70%), which codes for enterotoxins. The production of some enterotoxins in bacterial culture medium was detected by ELISA. The level of toxin production was near 1 ng/mL for SEA, SEE, SEG, SEI, SELP, and TSST-1 and reached a maximal level of 18 ng/mL for SEE. In the present work, we show that subclinical mastitis in cows is associated with S. aureus in the central region of the Russian Federation. Most of the isolates containing enterotoxin genes also had cytotoxin genes.