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1.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 40(5): 418-425, 2021 05 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33464020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Serotype-specific diagnosis of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in children under age 5 years would mark a major advancement for understanding pneumococcal epidemiology and supporting vaccine decision-making. METHODS: A Luminex technology-based multiplex urinary antigen detection (UAD) diagnostic assay was developed and subsequently validated in adults, but its applicability to children is unknown. This study aimed to set appropriate cutoffs for use of the UAD in a healthy pediatric population and apply these cutoffs in children with pneumonia in sub-Saharan Africa. The cutoffs were determined by assessing 379 urines obtained from healthy children under age 5 years from the Bobo-Dioulasso area for serotypes included in 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (UAD-1) and the 11 other serotypes unique to 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (UAD-2). RESULTS: Based on the assigned cutoff values, among 108 children who met the World Health Organization consolidation endpoint criteria, UAD-1 and UAD-2 were positive in 23.3% and 8.3%, respectively; among 364 children with clinically suspected pneumonia who did not meet the World Health Organization criteria, UAD-1 and UAD-2 were positive for 6.6% and 3.6%, respectively. Pneumococcal carriage prevalence was similar among pneumonia cases (30%) versus controls (35%) as was semiquantitative carriage density. CONCLUSIONS: UAD-1 and UAD-2 were able to distinguish community controls from children with pneumonia, particularly pneumonia with consolidation. Future studies are needed to confirm these results and more fully assess the contribution of pneumococcal carriage and concurrent viral infection.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial/urine , Carrier State/diagnosis , Endpoint Determination , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/diagnosis , Serotyping , Burkina Faso/epidemiology , Carrier State/blood , Carrier State/urine , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Immunoassay/methods , Infant , Male , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/blood , Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/urine , Reproducibility of Results , Serogroup , Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
2.
Mali Med ; 35(3): 57-62, 2020.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37978732

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the contribution of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis (TB) in HIV- infected children at the University TeachingHospital Sourô-Sanou of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. METHODS: In children infected with HIV and suspected to develop tuberculosis (TB) on the basis of epidemiological and clinical evidence, the following were performed at inclusion, at 2, 6, and 9 months of follow-up: a chest x-ray and abdominal ultrasound. A bacteriological investigation of the Koch bacillus (BK) was made. All children diagnosed with TB were put on treatment. RESULTS: Sixty-three (63) children with suspected TB were included. Thirty one children (42.86%) had been diagnosed with tuberculosis. Tuberculosis with abdominal lesions accounted for 29.03% (9/31) of TB cases, divided as follows: 4 cases (12.9%) of abdominal tuberculosis without radiographic lung lesions; 5 (16.13%) cases of multifocal TB associating pulmonary involvement with ultrasound abdominal lesions. Bacteriological confirmation was 55.55%. The main ultrasound lesions were abdominal lymph nodes (88.89%). A spleen miliary and hepatosplenic miliary were noted in 33.33% and 11.11% of the cases respectively. The evolution under antituberculous treatment was favorable in 88.88% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography is a significant contributor in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of abdominal TB in HIV-infected children.


OBJECTIF: Déterminer l'apport de l'échographie dans le diagnostic de la tuberculose (TB) abdominale chez l'enfant infecté par le VIH au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô-Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. MÉTHODE: Chez des enfants infectés par le VIH et suspects de développer une TB sur la base d'arguments épidémiologiques et cliniques, étaient réalisées une radiographie pulmonaire et une échographie abdominale à l'inclusion, à 2, 6, et 9 mois de suivi. Une recherche bactériologique du bacille de Koch (BK) était effectuée. Les enfants dépistés tuberculeux étaient mis sous traitement. RÉSULTATS: 63 enfants suspects de TB étaient inclus. Trente un (42,86%) étaient diagnostiqués tuberculeux. La TB avec lésions abdominales était de 29,03% (9/31), répartie en 4 cas de tuberculose abdominale sans lésions radiographiques pulmonaires, 5 cas associant une atteinte pulmonaire et les lésions abdominales échographiques. La confirmation bactériologique était de 55,55%. Les principales lésions échographiques étaient des adénopathies profondes (88,89%). Une miliaire splénique et hépatosplénique était notée dans 33,33% et 11,11% des cas respectivement. L'évolution sous traitement antituberculeux était favorable dans 88,88% des cas. CONCLUSION: l'échographie est d'un apport majeur dans le diagnostic et le suivi du traitement de la TB abdominale chez l'enfant infecté par le VIH.

3.
Case Rep Urol ; 2019: 1297048, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31531260

ABSTRACT

A 34-year-old man, trader, and married with four wives, otherwise healthy, without any remarkable medical history, was admitted in urology ward in emergency with superficial venous thrombosis of the penis known also as Penile Mondor's Disease (PMD), a rare nosologic entity of the penis associated with pain and an indurated dorsal cord of the root of the penis. The patient receives nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and coagulation and platelet aggregation inhibitors drugs. Healing and total recovery occur after eight weeks without any complications.

4.
Ann Parasitol ; 63(3): 173­181, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29274210

ABSTRACT

Cerebral toxoplasmosis is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii because of reactivation of latent tissue cysts in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients with severe immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefit of co-trimoxazole in presumptive and prevention of cerebral toxoplasmosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/AIDS patients at Bobo-Dioulasso Hospital in Burkina Faso from June 2012 to October 2014. ELISA and ELFA were performed on serum for the quantitative determination of IgG and IgM anti-T. gondii, respectively. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 29.3%. No IgM antibodies for T. gondii were found. Six patients with Toxoplasma-specific antibodies presented cerebral toxoplasmosis. All patients were infected by HIV-1 with the median of CD4+ T lymphocytes at 141 cells/µl. No patient was under antiretroviral therapy. No case of cerebral toxoplasmosis was noted in patients receiving co-trimoxazole in prevention. Presumptive treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis with co-trimoxazole was effective in all patients with a significant clinical improvement in 83.3%. These results attest the benefit of cotrimoxazole in cerebral toxoplasmosis treatment in countries where drug resources are limited when sulfadiazine is not available. Ours finding highlight the importance of establishing toxoplasmosis chemoprophylaxis to HIV with severe immunosuppression patients and positive Toxoplasma serology.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections/complications , Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/complications , Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/drug therapy , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/economics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Burkina Faso/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Socioeconomic Factors , Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/blood , Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/epidemiology , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/economics , Young Adult
5.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1263865

ABSTRACT

Objectif : Évaluer les connaissances des praticiens sur la radioprotection des patients au Burkina Faso.Méthodes : Étude descriptive transversale multisites du 1er mars au 31 mai 2015 dans trois structures sanitaires auprès des prescripteurs chez qui un questionnaire comportant plusieurs items en rapport avec les connaissances sur la radioprotection a été administré.Résultats : Le questionnaire a été soumis à 164 médecins : 123 (75%) ont accepté de le remplir ; 82,9% prenaient en compte le rapport bénéfice-risque ; 60% informaient le patient sur les risques des rayonnements ionisants ; 26,9% avaient une bonne connaissance sur les objectifs de la radioprotection et 17,9% sur les principes de la radioprotection ; 83,7% étaient informée de l'existence du risque de cancer radio-induit ; 80% reconnaissaient l'exposition médicale comme source d'irradiation et 36,6% considéraient l'IRM comme une technique irradiante. Conclusion : Notre étude a montré une faible connaissance des principes, des objectifs de la radioprotection par les praticiens bien que l'existence du risque de cancer radio-induit lors de la réalisation de certains examens radiologiques n'était pas ignorée


Subject(s)
Burkina Faso , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Patient Safety , Radiation Protection/methods
6.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1263939

ABSTRACT

Contexte : La pathologie tumorale hépatique est marquée par la hantise du cancer primitif avec son pronostic effroyable. Son exploration fait appel à l'imagerie médicale de façon incontournable notamment le scanner qui est de plus en plus disponible dans nos contrées.Objectif : Décrire le profil épidémio-clinique et les aspects scanographiques des tumeurs hépatiques rencontrées en Afrique subsaharienne notamment à Abidjan.Méthodologie : Etude rétrospective descriptive, basée sur les scanners hépatiques réalisés sur la période de janvier 2012 à Décembre 2012, selon le protocole de la triple acquisition après injection de produit de contraste iodé. Tous les examens ont été réalisés à l'aide d'un scanner Toshiba de 64 barrettes. Tous les patients ayant une tumeur hépatique dont le type a été confirmé à l'anatomopathologie ont été retenus.Résultats : L'âge moyen des patients était de 61,7 ans avec des extrêmes de 41 et de 82 ans. Le sex ratio était de 2/3. Les principales indications étaient les foies hétéronodulaires (38,9%) et les bilans d'extension (27,7%). Nous avons dénombré 25 cas de tumeurs hépatiques. Il s'agissait de tumeurs malignes dans 64% versus 36% de tumeurs bénignes. Les tumeurs malignes étaient représentées par les hépatocarcinomes (40%), les métastases (24%) et le cholangiocarcinome (4%). Les tumeurs bénignes quant à elles étaient les kystes biliaires (28%), et l'angiome (4%).Conclusion : Les tumeurs malignes du foie sont plus fréquemment explorées au scanner. Elles sont dominées par le carcinome hépatocellulaire dans un contexte de cirrhose


Subject(s)
Cote d'Ivoire , Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology , Liver Neoplasms/etiology , Liver Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
8.
J Craniofac Surg ; 24(4): e338-40, 2013 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23851860

ABSTRACT

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI), an uncommon neoplasm that involves predominantly the maxilla, is classically benign but clinically aggressive. Surgery is the mainstay of the treatment with a proven efficacy, but its optimal method is not entirely clear. A case of maxillary MNTI in a 4-month-old male infant treated by radical surgery without recurrence after more than 3 years of follow-up is presented. On the basis of this experience and a review of the literature, the optimal method of MNTI surgery is discussed. To improve the prognostic of this neoplasm, the role of conservative surgery should be limited to the treatment of tumors where clear surgical margins excision should require sacrifice of functional or vital structures.


Subject(s)
Maxillary Neoplasms/diagnosis , Maxillary Neoplasms/surgery , Neuroectodermal Tumor, Melanotic/diagnosis , Neuroectodermal Tumor, Melanotic/surgery , Surgery, Oral/methods , Humans , Infant , Male
14.
Sante ; 19(4): 185-8, 2009.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20199945

ABSTRACT

The authors describe three cases of trilateral retinoblastoma, a rare syndrome that occurs most often in young children. Two of these children were 3 years old at diagnosis, and the other 4 years old. The retinoblastoma was unilateral in one child and bilateral in the others. All underwent computed tomography (CT) imaging, which made it possible to locate the intraocular tumor lesions, to specify the extent of the tumor and to look for a possible intracranial neoplasm. Unfortunately, the cost of CT is high, which limits its use in our context.


Subject(s)
Retinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Retinoblastoma/diagnosis , Burkina Faso , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male
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