[The scientific rationale for the use of electroneurostimulation of the cervical sympathetic ganglia in patients with computer vision syndrome]. / Nauchnoe obosnovanie primeneniya elektroneirostimulyatsii sheinykh simpaticheskikh gangliev u patsientov s komp'yuternym zritel'nym sindromom.

A frequent reason for visiting an ophthalmologist for patients of working age is computer vision syndrome (CVS): statistics show that up to 90% of users of personal electronic computers (PCs) suffer from this disease. Therefore, the actual task of modern rehabilitation medicine and ophthalmology is the search for an effective and safe way to prevent and treat the CVS among employees of enterprises. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY: Was a scientific justification, an assessment of the effectiveness and safety of the use of electroneurostimulation (ENS) of the cervical sympathetic ganglia in patients with CVS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 120 patients with the syndrome observed on an outpatient basis were examined. Patients were divided into 3 groups using simple randomization method. The 1st group (the main group - MG) included 39 patients who, against the background of gymnastics of the oculomotor muscles and muscles of the shoulder girdle, used ENS on the area of the sympathetic ganglia; in the 2nd group (group of comparison - GoC) included 41 patients who strictly performed the same muscle gymnastics (after every 2 hours of work with the PC); Group 3 (control group - CG) consisted of 40 patients who took an ENS course of exposure in placebo mode. In the dynamics, the stock of relative accommodation, near heterophory, tear production, threshold electrical sensitivity of the retina, electrolability of the optic nerve, contrast sensitivity, reading speed, print speed and accuracy and the level of subjective asthenopia were evaluated. RESULTS: Initially, groups of patients with CVS did not differ among themselves in any of the investigated parameters. After a course of procedures in the MG, in contrast to the other two (GoC and CG), statistically significant positive shifts were revealed in relation to the selected endpoints, reflecting the severity of asthenopia, sensorineural, accommodative and oculomotor functions of the visual analyzer, as well as ophthalmoergonomics. Of the side effects of the procedures were recorded: moderate drowsiness (in 4 patients), a feeling of heaviness of the head (in 1 patient) and an increase in blood pressure (BP) by more than 15% of the initial (in 1 patient). They disappeared on their own and did not require withdrawal of treatment. A patient who noted a single increase in blood pressure subsequently received therapy every other day. Redness of the skin of the neck in the area of application of the electrodes was found with the same frequency in MG and CG. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of ENS in the rehabilitation treatment of workers professionally using a personal computer significantly increases the effectiveness of therapeutic measures, which proves the appropriateness of applying the proposed technology in CVS. The therapeutic action of complex therapy is realized through the effect of the ENS on an important reflexogenic zone - the cervical sympathetic ganglia, the activation of which ensures the normalization of the central, peripheral and autonomic functioning of the visual analyzer. Analysis of the frequency of registration of side effects in patients of the three groups allows us to conclude that the technique is safe.

Antioxidative activity of high density lipoproteins in vivo.

The present study consists of experimental and clinical investigations. It was shown that a single intravenous injection of a large dose of human HDL3 (200 mg protein) to rabbits with induced hypercholesterolemia (plasma cholesterol 500-700 mg/dl) was accompanied by a significant elevation of plasma HDL and led to a decrease (P < 0.05) of conjugated dienes and trienes by 20-30% after 6 h. Conjugated dienes remained stable for 24 h after HDL administration. In the clinical investigations a weak but statistically significant negative correlation (r = 0.262; P = 0.006) between HDL cholesterol and the content of conjugated dienes in the plasma of a total group of healthy subjects and patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) was found. The data allowed us to conclude that, in addition to other antioxidative systems, HDL also take part in the protection of plasma lipids from peroxidation.

[Antioxidant activity of high density lipoproteins in vivo]. / Antioksidantnaia aktivnost' lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti in vivo.

The paper deals with antioxidant effect of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in vivo. The effect of intravenous injection of large-dose HDL3 (200 mg protein), isolated from human plasma to rabbits with experimental hypercholesterolemia, on the content of primary products of lipid peroxidation in rabbit blood, the correlation between HDL cholesterol level and the content of lipid peroxide products in blood plasma of healthy persons and patients with IHD were studied. Intravenous injection of HDL3 to rabbits with experimental hypercholesterolemia has been shown to lead in 6 hr to a 24-hr significant (p < 0.01) decrease of conjugated dienes and trienes. The existence of negative correlation between HDL-cholesterol level and the content of conjugated dienes in blood plasma of healthy persons (N = 47) and patients with IHD (n = 64) is revealed. Basing on the data obtained conclusion of universal character of protective antiatherogenic effect of HDL is drawn.

[Protective effect of high density lipoproteins, their subfractions and lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferases on the peroxidation modification of low density lipoproteins]. / Zashchitnoe deistvie lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti, ikh podfraktsii i letsitin-kholesterin-atsiltransferazy v perekisnoi modifikatsii lipoproteidov nizkoi plotnosti.

The role of high density lipoproteins (HDL), their subfractions (HDL2 and HDL3) and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) on peroxidative modification of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in vitro was studied. Peroxidative modification was estimated by the formation of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and LDL aggregates during LDL incubation at 37 degrees C for several days without Fe2+ or for 2 hours in the presence of Fe2+ in EDTA-free media. It was shown that the addition of HDL3 (but not HDL2) markedly decreases the formation of both MDA and LDL aggregates. Since LCAT is bound to HDL3, its effect was examined. An addition of LCAT isolated from human plasma (650-fold purification) at a concentration of 450 micrograms/ml resulted in a complete inhibition of LDL peroxidation and LDL aggregate formation. Heat-inactivated LCAT had no effect. Possible mechanisms of the protective effect of LCAT on LDL peroxidative modification are discussed.

[HDL2b lipoproteins as an acceptor of cholesterol from erythrocyte membrane and the role of lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase during this process]. / Aktseptsiia kholesterina iz membran éritrotsitov podfraktsiei LPVP2b i rol' letsitin-kholesterin-atsiltransferazy v étom protsesse.

The role of lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase (LCAT) in net cholesterol transport from erythrocyte membranes to one of high density lipoprotein subclasses--HDL2b--was studied in vitro. It was shown that an addition of partially purified LCAT to the incubation medium containing human HDL2b and human erythrocytes triggers free cholesterol transport from erythrocyte membranes to HDL2b. In this case, the rise in HDL cholesterol occurs mainly due to the formation of cholesteryl esters produced by LCAT. The significance of cholesterol ecceptor properties of HDL2b in vivo is discussed.

[Preparation of proteoliposomes--an artificial substrate for measuring the rate of the lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase reaction in whole plasma]. / Poluchenie proteoliposom--iskusstvennogo substrata dlia izmereniia skorosti letsitin-kholesterin-atsiltransferaznoi reaktsii v tsel'noi plazme krovi.

A procedure is described for production of artificial substrate, containing except of cholesterol and lecithin as well as the protein moiety, used in estimation of the rate of lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase reaction in whole blood plasma. The protein component of proteoliposomes involved total fraction of apoproteins of high density lipoproteins (HDL). The proteins containing in proteoliposomes were obtained by means of chloroform-methanol delipidation of the total HDL fraction, isolated from human blood plasma using preparative ultracentrifugation. Optimal concentration of the apoprotein in proteoliposomes was determined.

[Participation of lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase in the redistribution of high density lipoprotein subfractions in the blood of newborn infants]. / Ob uchastii letsitin-kholesterin-atsiltransferazy v pereraspredelenii podfraktsii lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti v krovi novorozhdennykh.

Evidence was obtained in vitro for the participation of lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase in redistribution of subfractions of high density lipoproteins (HDLP) in blood plasma of newborn children. Content of some HDLP subfractions (HDLP 2c and HDLP 2b) was decreased and content of the other subfractions (HDLP 2a) was increased after incubation of blood plasma of the newborn children with lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase preparation purified 100-fold.

[HDL2c--a new subclass of high density lipoproteins in the plasma of newborns]. / LPVP2c--novyi podklass lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti v plazme krovi novorozhdennykh.

A new subclass of high density lipoproteins designated as HLD2c was found in the human blood plasma of newborn by analytic ultracentrifugation in the flotation rate interval Fo1,20 8.0--12.0. HDL2c was isolated from the total HDL fraction of newborn by preparative ultracentrifugation at the density 1.071.

[Comparative lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase deficiency in the blood of newborn infants. Comparison of the esterifying activity of neonatal and maternal blood]. / Sravnitel'naia nedostatochnost' letsitin-kholesterin-atsiltransferazy v krovi novorozhdennykh. Sopostavlenie ésterifitsiruiushchei aktivnosti plazmy krovi novorozhdennogo i materi-rozhenitsy.

On the basis of data obtained in studies on the accumulation of cholesterol in erythrocytes of newlorns, the hypothesis is advanced on the deficiency of lecithin-cholesterol-acetyl transferase (LCAT) in the newborn children. A decrease in the rate of the LCAT-reaction was shown in funic blood using the specially developed system "LP-infranatante", the constituents of which were isolated from blood plasma of both newborns and of their mothers by ultracentrifugation at a density 1.21 g/ml and 40.000 rpm. The following factors were considered as possible determinants of the decrease in the rate of cholesterol esterification in blood plasma of newborns: 1) insufficiency in LCAT, 2) alteration in the composition of the substrate lipoproteins (lipoproteins of high density).

Inhibition of cholesterol esterification by polyene antibiotics in blood plasma.

The inhibition of the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase reaction in human plasma by the polyene antibiotics, levorine and amphotericin B, has been demonstrated by in vitro experiments. It is suggested that the inhibition of the esterification reaction is the result of interaction between polyenes and non-esterified cholesterol.