ABSTRACT
The paper deals with the diagnosis of demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis, by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The low-magnetic induction tomographs "Obraz" ("Image") and "Ellips" ("Ellipse") made in Russia were used to perform MRI of the brain in 255 patients diagnosed as having multiple sclerosis. Whether low-magnetic induction MRI can detectfocal changes in the brain in the presence of multiple sclerosis was assessed; the tomographic signs of the disease were clarified and classified. There was a relationship between the detection of focal changes in the brain and the duration of the disease. Particular emphasis is laid on the cases of various abnormalities at MRI, which clinically mask multiple sclerosis. The cases are summarized and a list of conditions to be particularly emphasized while making a differential diagnosis is drawn up.
Subject(s)
Brain/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Multiple Sclerosis/pathology , HumansABSTRACT
Brain computed tomographic scans of 43 patients with Alzheimer's disease (moderate and severe dementia) were compared to those of age-matched normal subjects (30 controls). Computed tomographic analysis included some linear and volume ventricular measurements. These indices correlated with relevant psychopathological and psychometric findings. Linear measurements of the ventricular size and the degree of cortical, central atrophy were significantly greater in patients with Alzheimer's disease than in the control group. In line with the disease progression and its development from moderate to severe dementia the degree of brain structural changes increased with the predominance of cortical atrophy in parietal lobes and central atrophy in mediobasal parts of the temporal lobes.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/diagnostic imaging , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Aged , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Atrophy/diagnostic imaging , Atrophy/psychology , Brain/pathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , NeuropsychologyABSTRACT
Computed tomography was used to study the prevalence rates of various types of intracranial pathology, hydrocephalus (HDC) and cortical atrophy (CA) in patients with late dementia (LD) and to comparatively assess the informative value of tomographic methods of cerebral morphometry. Computed tomographic data were obtained from 432 patients with LD. Despite the type of dementia, the authors revealed intracranial abnormalities of various etiology in 24.5%, postischemic foci being prevalent. Tumors, arachnoidal cysts, and chronic subdural hematomas were more infrequently diagnosed (in 2.6% of cases). HDC and CA were detected in 81.5 and 82.2% of patients with LD, respectively.
