[Antiviral effect of «Kagocel¼ substance in vitro on influenza viruses H1N1, H1N1pdm09 and H3N2.]

INTRODUCTION: Active circulation of pandemic influenza and new variants of influenza H3N2 strains requires monitoring of antiviral efficacy of drugs permitted for influenza therapy in the Russian Federation. PURPOSE: Assessment of antiviral efficacy of «Kagocel¼ substance against influenza viruses H1N1, H1N1pdm09 and H3N2 in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cytotoxic effect of «Kagocel¼ substance on MDCK cells had been determined by stained with MTS. Antiviral efficacy of «Kagocel¼ substance against influenza infection has been studied in vitro in the culture of MDCK cells infected with influenza virus strains: A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1), А/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09, А/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2) and А/ Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2). The antiviral activity of «Kagocel¼ substance was tested by its effect on the infectious titer of the influenza viruses and on its impact on the expression level of viral antigens in the enzyme immunoassay test system. RESULTS: «Kagocel¼ substance had low toxicity for MDCK cells. «Kagocel¼ inhibited the infection titer of influenza virus strains A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1), А/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09, А/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2) and А/ Hong Kong /4801/2014 (H3N2) in the MDCK cell culture with equal efficacy. Study of the impact of «Kagocel¼ substance on the expression level of viral antigens by ELISA also revealed its antiviral efficacy for all tested strains. Dose dependence was observed from concentration of substance and from infective dose of virus. DISCUSSION: Effective suppression of the reproduction of influenza virus strains A(H1N1), A(Н1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) in the different sublines of MDCK cells with «Kagocel¼ was shown by the different methods. These results give the possibility to suggest that along with the ability to induce interferons, «Kagocel¼ can impact on the reproduction of influenza virus, but the further research is needed. CONCLUSION: «Kagocel¼ substance effectively inhibits the reproduction of influenza virus strains A(H1N1), A(Н1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) in vitro. At the same time, the selectivity index is quite high.

[Changes of y neuron formation in cat visual system during early postnatal ontogenesis under the influence of binocular rhythmic light stimulation].

To examine the effect of an artificial rhythmic light stimulation on the development of structural and functional organization of Y neurons of cat visual system in the ontogenesis, the distribution of the neurons immunopositive to SMI-32 antibodies was studied in lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and posteromedial suprasylvian area (PMLS). Laminar distribution of SMI-32-positive neurons and neuronal body profile area were analyzed in intact animals (n = 4) and in kittens (n = 4) grown under conditions of rhythmic light stimulation with 15 Hz frequency for 4 months. In light-stimulated animals, changes in laminar distribution of immunopositive neurons were detected in both LGN (decline in the percentage of the immunopositive cells in C(M) layer) and in PMLS area (decrease in cell count in layer V). Morphometric analysis has shown the significant reduction of cell body profile area in immunopositive neurons in light-stimulated kittens only in layers III and V of PMLS area. The data obtained suggest that Y channel functional disturbances in light-stimulated animals are caused by the structural and metabolic changes detected in Y neurons.

[Development of primary visual cortex connections with the motion processing center: the role of visual environment].

Development of axonal connections between cat primary visual area 17 and visual motion processing center was studied to investigate cortico-cortical connection plasticity in ontogenesis as affected by an experimental modification of visual environment (flickering light stimulation). By using a retrograde axonal labeling by horseradish peroxidase, a distribution of initial neurons in area 17 that send afferent projections to PMLS (posterior medial part of lateral suprasylvian sulcus) was analyzed. Sixteen 5-week-old and 12-14-week-old kittens, than were reared in normal visual environment or were subjected to a flickering light of 15 Hz frequency, were examined. It was shown that session stimulation by flickering light led to an impairment of normal development of regular organization of the connections between these visual areas including the decrease of labeled surface area and labeled initial neuron density in area 17. The data obtained elucidate the structural bases of cortical mechanisms that underlie motion processing disturbances in kittens stimulated by a flickering light.

[ A method for detection and quantitative analysis of two-dimensional patterns of labeled neuron distribution in the cerebral cortex].

The aim of the present investigation was to elaborate an algorithm for labeled neuron 2-D pattern reconstruction and its analysis. Using the study of cat cortico-cortical connections between the areas 17, 18 and posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area as an example, it was shown that proposed algorithm is adequate for present aims of initial neuron pattern reconstruction and analysis, and that it can be applied as a working algorithm for highly specialized computer program elaboration.

[Algorithm of serologic screening and assessment of prevalence of serologically meaningful mutations of HBsAg in hepatitis B virus carriers].

Algorithm of serologic screening for HBsAg-mutants in hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers with high level of HBsAg was developed which is based on the detection of defects of interactions of serum HBsAg with monoclonal anti-HBs realizing as a decrease of ELISA sensitivity in 10 times or more during serial 10-fold dilutions. During 1st stage commercial test-systems based on monoclonal antibodies was used to select serum samples with discrepancy of test results. During 2nd stage HBsAg contained in selected sera was analyzed by the panel of monoclonal and polyclonal anti-HBs conjugates using decrease in ELISA sensitivity as a criterion. Serum samples from 2510 chronic carriers of HBV with high level of HBsAg were studied. 19 samples with discrepant results were found. Subsequent characterization of HBsAg with panel of 11 monoclonal and 1 polyclonal conjugates allowed to distinguish groups of sera with specific serologic "portraits". Atypical features of HBsAg were confirmed by genotyping 9 of 19 samples. Analysis of primary nucleotide sequence revealed serologically meaningful mutations in S-gene of HBV in all 9 isolates: 3 of them contained substitution mutation G145R, 5--S143L, and one--T143M. Distribution of mutations in HBsAg corresponded with specific serologic "portraits". Prevalence of HBsAg mutations in HBV carriers with high level of HBsAg was assessed for the first time: prevalence of G145R, S143L/T143M mutations, and all serologically atypical variants was 0.12%, 0.24%, and 0.76% respectively. Developed algorithm was proposed for epidemiologic monitoring of HBsAg-mutants of HBVand control of diagnostic test-systems.

[Register of persons having occupational diseases caused by work with sources of ionizing radiation]. / Registr lits, imeiushchikh professional'nye zabolevaniia v rezul'tate raboty s istochnikami ioniziruiushchego izlucheniia.

The authors present methodic approaches to elaboration of a Special Register of individuals engaged into nuclear power industry and having occupational diseases caused by work with sources of ionizing radiation. The article deals with input and output documents, methods of input information control, technologic scheme of the Register functioning and stages of its pilot exploitation.

[Cytological classification of precancer and cancer of the cervix uteri]. / Tsitologicheskaia klassifikatsiia predraka i raka sheiki matki.

A cytological classification of dysplasia, intraepithelial and invasive cancer of the cervix uteri is suggested. Cytologic criteria for differential diagnosis are discussed. Cytologic diagnosis of precancer and cancer made on the basis of the said classification was verified in 63.5 and 97.3%, respectively.

[The role of cytological studies in evaluating the severity of dysplasia during prophylactic gynecological examinations (cooperative study)]. / Znachenie tsitologicheskogo issledovaniia v otsenke tiazheloi displazii pri profilakticheskikh ginekologicheskikh osmotrakh (kooperirovannoe issledovanie).

Cytologic examination of scrapings from the uterine cervix was carried out in 498 patients in whom moderate or severe dysplasia of the squamous epithelium or suspicion for cancer were established in the course of gynecologic screening. The said pathology was diagnosed in 0.63% of screeneses. Cytologic follow-up of 57 cases of severe dysplasia established that, in patients over 40 years of age, it tended to progress to Ca in situ. This tendency was registered within 6-36 months and continued after a second biopsy. Severe dysplasia did not recur in the 20-40 year-old group. The extent of cervical biopsy (excision or conization) in severe dysplasia should be considered versus patients' age.

[Organizational aspects of the work of a centralized cytological laboratory]. / Organizatsionnye aspekty raboty tsentralizovannoi tsitologicheskoi laboratorii.

An experience of organizing of activity of a centralized cytological laboratory is presented in the paper. It is based on an analysis of activity of leading cytological laboratories of the RSFSR. Certain issues of training of cytologists, laboratory assistants and technical staff on the basis of leading institutions of the country as well as problems of setting up control over reliability of cytological conclusions are discussed.

[Experience in the cytological diagnosis of thyroid cancer in an endemic goiter area]. / Opyt tsitologicheskoi diagnostiki raka shchitovidnoi zhelezy v éndemichnoi po zobu oblasti.

Preoperative diagnosis of thyroid pathology was improved following a cytological examination of punctates from nodulated formations of the thyroid in patients living in goiter-endemic regions. Diagnosis of thyroid cancer was confirmed preoperatively in 78% of cases, which, in turn, warranted application of adequate surgical procedures.

[Cytological method in the emergency surgical diagnosis of cancer at different sites]. / Tsitologicheskii metod v srochnoi operatsionnoi diagnostike raka razlichnykh lokalizatsii.

The results of 1,215 emergency surgical cytological assays conducted in 619 cases of cancer and some other malignant tumors are presented. Specimens were obtained by puncture of primary tumor, swollen lymph nodes, indurations and infiltrations, by attrition of primary tumor, serous surfaces and surgical incisions, from serous cavity fluids and imprints of bioptical material. The results of emergency cytological diagnosis of cancer and other malignant tumors were confirmed in 95% of cases.

[Detection of threatened pathology and cancer of the cervix uteri during prophylactic examinations (based on the results of a cooperative study)]. / Vyiavlenie ugrozhaemoi patologii i raka sheiki matki pri profilakticheskikh osmotrakh (po rezul'tatam kooperirovannogo issledovaniia).

Preliminary results are reported on the coordinating studies, conducted by the five oncological institutions of the Russia Federation on elaborating cytological criteria of the cervical epithelium malignant transformation. The material under investigation was the smears taken at mass prophylactic examinations. A group of women (512) with high cancer risk pathology has been distinguished--/various degree of dysplasia, preinvasive cancer, cancer in stage Ia/. A special card of cytological signs (including 40 criteria) was worked out for a computer analysis to select the major signs of malignancy which might contribute to establishing the most precise morphological diagnosis.

[Clinico-cytological characteristics of primary invasive cervical cancer]. / Kliniko-tsitologicheskaia kharakteristika nachal'nogo invazivnogo raka sheiki matki.

Based on the material of the complex examination of 167 cervical cancer patients in stage Ia, the clinico-cytological features were studied comparatively. Extensive colposcopy and cytological assays of surface curetting specimens from the cervical canal and cervix mucosa were employed. In cervical cancer, stage Ia, cytological assay in 71.4% of cases is a reliable criterion in diagnosing the malignancy. In 51.7% of patients cytograms are similar to those of intraepithelial cancer, in 40.7%--smears correspond to the classical description of squamous cell cancer. The stromal reaction should be regarded as an indicator of a limited malignancy and as a manifestation of protective forces of the organism.

[Clinico-morphological changes during treatment of endometrial cancer with progestins]. / Kliniko-morfologicheskie izmeneniia pri lechenii raka éndometriia progestinami.

The results of the complex clinico-morphological study of the effect of 17-a-hydroxyprogesterone-caproate are reported in 71 patients aged from 37 to 75. Stage I was noted in 17 patients, stage II--in 51, stage III--in 3. A total dosage was 5,0; 10,0; 20,0 and 30,0 for the course of treatment. Following the hormonal therapy all these patients were subjected to surgery. To study the hormonal pathomorphism specimens from the uterine cavity were assayed histologically and cytologically prior to and during the hormonal therapy, the removed specimen was examined after the operation. The clinico-morphological studies indicated that 17 GPC shows the antitumor effect in endometrial cancer, so the complete tumor regression seems to be possible. The antitumor effect is mostly pronounced at initial stages of the disease and with high-differentiated tumors. The data obtained may be used to solve the problem on the purposeful application of 17 GPC either in the complex of therapeutic measures or as a separate method of treatment.

[Clinical cytological characteristics of osteogenic sarcoma]. / Kliniko-tsitologicheskaia kharakteristika osteogennoi sarkomy.

The authors report the data on the disease clinical course being dependent on the peculiarities of tumor differentiation. The work is based on the findings of treatment and dynamic follow-up of 156 patients with osteogenic sarcoma of extremity bones. Distant gammatherapy, as the principal method of treatment, was employed in all patients. A cytological test was used to determine the morphological character of the tumor. It was shown that clinico-cytological correlations sometimes help to reveal significant differences in development of the disease. In groups of patients with signs of primary tumor anaplasia male individuals showing acute pains, prompt tumor growth and marked general intoxication phenomena were predominating. In radiotherapy of this group of patients a positive response, which may allow a continuous dynamic observation, is more rarely gained.

[Cytodiagnosis of endometrial cancer]. / O tsitologicheskoi diagnostike raka endometriia.

Uterine aspiration specimens from 172 females were examined cytologically (cancer in 89, non-cancer process -- in 71, in 12 cases aspiration specimens were obtained in a reproductive period in proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle). It was shown that in a group of histologically verified observations in 45.8% a gynecologist failed to recognize the true endometrial affection. Some cytological criteria elaborated are suggested (dominant, adjuvant and temporary), which combination helped to precisely diagnose cancer cytologically in 93.2%, while various forms of hyperplasia -- in 89.9%.