ABSTRACT
Presented is a review of the use of psychotherapy and psychological intervention methods in treatment and rehabilitation of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Main indications for psychotherapy in MS are anxiety and depression, asthenia, movement disorders, cognitive decline or sleep disturbances. The applied methods of psychotherapy refer to behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, combined or alternative approaches. Individual and group sessions are most frequently used forms of psychotherapy. Positive effects of psychotherapy in MS patients are confirmed by data of randomized studies and neuroimaging. Psychotherapy should be included into complex multidisciplinary programs of treatment and rehabilitation of MS patients.
Subject(s)
Multiple Sclerosis/rehabilitation , Psychotherapy/methods , Anxiety/etiology , Anxiety/therapy , Depression/etiology , Depression/therapy , Humans , Multiple Sclerosis/complications , Multiple Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging , Multiple Sclerosis/therapy , Neuroimaging , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
The paper presents a case report of seizures in a man of 40 years who was assessed by neurologists and psychiatrists for 15 years. Due to the low efficacy of treatment and permanent health deterioration, the patient was recognized as disabled. Later initial diagnosis of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures was completed by comorbid diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder, type II. Treatment with lamotrigine improved the patient's condition. It has been regarded as a positive effect on organic changes in the brain that are associated with affective and epileptic disorders.
Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis , Seizures/diagnosis , Adult , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Bipolar Disorder/complications , Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy , Bipolar Disorder/pathology , Brain/pathology , Comorbidity , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Epilepsy/pathology , Humans , Lamotrigine , Male , Seizures/drug therapy , Seizures/etiology , Seizures/pathology , Treatment Outcome , Triazines/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Objective. To estimate the level of recognition of Alzheimer disease (AD) and awareness about its causes, medical help and its efficacy in general population. Material and methods. Authors questioned 1043 Chuvashia residents (391 men and 652 women), aged from 18 to 81 years (mean age - 41.5±16.3 years ), using vignettes (a clinical "picture" of disease). A vignette describes the stages of AD (subclinical, mild, moderate and severe). Results. AD was determined correctly by 13.6% of respondents. Most difficulties were associated with definition of subclinical stage of disease (6.1% of correct answers). Good AD recognition depended on the level of education, including medical knowledge, age of respondents and previous experience with such cases. Visit to doctor was recommended by 83.1% (in most cases it was neurologist - 33%). The improvement of mental condition in illustrated cases was supposed by 60%, no improvement - 28.9%, deterioration - 1.7%, without answer - 9.4% of respondents. Conclusion. These data indicates the low level of mental health literacy in the general population, especially on preclinical stage of AD. That needs to be corrected by psychiatric education at a general level.
