Effect of Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Blood and Lymphatic Vasculature in Uterine Wall of Wistar Rats during Experimental Chronic Metroendometritis.

The study examined the effect of bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and their products secreted into the conditioned medium on uterine microcirculatory bed in Wistar rats during chronic inflammation. The parameters of blood and lymphatic microcirculation in the uterus changed in various directions in relation to the administration routes of biomedical cell product, which is important when the cell therapy is employed in the treatment of inflammatory-degenerative alterations in the lesser pelvis organs.

The Role of Endogenous Opioid System in the Regulation of Heart Tolerance to Stress-Induced Damage.

In Wistar rats, stress was modeled by 24-h immobilization in a supine posture and stress-induced damage to the heart was assessed by accumulation of 99mTc-pyrophosphate in the myocardium. The intensity of stress reaction was measured by serum levels of cortisol and insulin. Both stressinduced damage to the heart and intensity of stress reaction were examined under control conditions and in rats treated with opioid receptor antagonists naltrexone, methylnaltrexone bromide, MR2266, and ICI174.864. Activation of central µ-opioid receptors with endogenous opioids aggravated stress-induced cardiomyopathy, while stimulation of peripheral µ-opioid receptors produced a cardioprotective effect. The stress-induced damage to the heart was not directly related to up-regulation of cortisol secretion in response to 24-h immobilization. Blockade of the central opioid receptors promoted a decrease in cortisol level in stressed rats.

Features of Blood Supply to Axillary Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer Patients.

Numerical density of vessels in axillary lymph node structures in breast cancer patients was studied by light microscopy with antibodies to CD34. The correlation between the stage of breast cancer and vascularization of lymph nodes was analyzed. The development of breast cancer was followed by rapid and significant increase in the number of blood vessel in axillary lymph nodes in general and in all their specific areas, especially in the paracortex and medullary substance. Strong or very strong positive correlation between the stage of tumor process and parameters of vascularization was observed in various areas of the axillary lymph nodes. No significant differences in node vascularization were observed between women without breast cancer and women with stage I breast cancer; the differences were found only starting from stage II. Considerable vascularization of lymph nodes can be a symptom of malignant tumor growth in the area of lymph collection. The duration of the tumor process and the size of the tumor can be indirectly evaluated by the increase in vessel number in lymph nodes.

Role of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in Myocardial Infarct Size-Limiting Effect of Chronic Continuous Normobaric Hypoxia.

The role of KATP channels in myocardial infarct size-limiting effect of chronic continuous normobaric hypoxia was examined in a rat model based on a 20-min coronary occlusion and subsequent 3-h reperfusion. Rats were adapted to normobaric hypoxia (12% O2) for 21 days. This hypoxia produced a pronounced infarct size-limiting effect, which had been prevented by 0.3 mg/kg glibenclamide, a non-selective inhibitor of entire pool of KATP channels, or 5 mg/kg 5-hydroxydecanoate, an inhibitor of mitochondrial KATP channels. The study highlighted the important role of mitochondrial KATP channels in myocardial infarct size-limiting effect of chronic normobaric hypoxia.

[Prospects of clinical application of pharmacological imitation of the phenomenon of ischaemic postconditioning of the heart]. / O perspektivakh klinicheskogo primeneniia farmakologicheskoi imitatsii fenomena ishemicheskogo postkonditsionirovaniia serdtsa.

Pharmacological imitation of the phenomenon of ischaemic postconditioning of the heart appears to exert a cardioprotective effect in the reperfusion period. It was determined that the protective effect may be carried out resulting from activation of the adenosine, opioid and bradykinin receptors. However, there is yet no common point of view concerning the question as to the activation of what subtypes of the receptors the cardioprotective effect of adenosine, opioids and bradykinin is associated with. The clinical findings strongly suggest that further studies are required, since the data obtained in the hitherto carried out trials are ambiguous, scarce, and sometimes yield contradicting results. Several clinical trials of adenosine have been conducted and in the majority of cases positive results were obtained. Adenosine administered in a dropwise manner was found to exert a cardioprotective effect. However, not all researchers succeeded in demonstrating this protective effect. Only one clinical trial was carried out with the opioid receptor agonist - morphine, yielding positive results, with morphine exerting a cardioprotective effect. Feasibility of the clinical application of bradykinin as a cardioprotector is not of current relevance because of its numerous side effects.

Experimental Study of a Radiopharmaceutical Agent Based on Modified Fatty Acid Labeled with Technetium-99m.

Using rat model of coronary occlusion, we studied pharmacokinetics and the efficiency of a new radiopharmaceutical agent 99mTc-PDA-DTPA intended for diagnostics of changes in myocardial metabolism and its analogue 123I-PMPDA. 99mTc-PDA-DTPA was eliminated mostly by the kidneys and maximal concentration in the heart was attained within 60 min after intravenous injection; no accumulation in the area of myocardial infarction was observed. The studied substance was inferior to its analogue 123I-PMPDA by the quality of scintigraphic visualization of the heart.

Effects of Deltorphin II and Its Retroenantio Analog on Cardiac Tolerance to Ischemia and Reperfusion.

Selective agonist of δ2-opioid receptors deltorphin II and its retroenantio analog (0.12 mg/kg intravenously) were preventively injected to male Wistar rats 15 min prior to 45-min coronary occlusion or 5 min before 120-min reperfusion. Administration of deltorphin II before artery occlusion and before reperfusion decreased the infarct size/area at risk ratio. Deltorphin II prevented the appearance of ischemia-provoked ventricular arrhythmias and exerted no effect on HR and BP (systolic and diastolic). The retroenantio analog of deltorphin II produced no antiarrhythmic or infarct-limiting effects, but reduced HR without affecting BP. Deltorphin II can be viewed as a promising prototype for a medicinal remedy to treat acute myocardial infarction.

Specific features of adaptation of rats to chronic cold treatment.

Permanent exposure of rats to four-week cold treatment at +4ºC for 24 h/day resulted in increased weights of the brown adipose tissue, adrenals, and spleen and had no effect on the levels of cortisol and corticosterone in the blood serum. Similar data were observed after exposure of rats to intermittent four-week cold treatment at +4ºC for 8 h/day. After short-term exposure of rats to intermittent cold treatment at +4ºC for 1.5 h/day, all indices studied were similar to those observed in intact animals.

[PROSPECTS OF USING ADENOSINE, OPIOID AND BRADYKININ RECEPTOR AGONISTS FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL IMITATION OF HEART POSTCONDITIONING PHENOMENON.]

It is known that agonists of adenosine, opioid, and bradykinin receptors mimic the phenomenon of ischemic postconditioning. There is no commonly accepted notion of what adenosine receptor subtypes must be activated to increase cardiac resistance to reperfusion injury. Intravenous infusion of adenosine or intracoronary administration of adenosine produce infarct-limiting effect and contribute to a more complete restoration of coronary blood flow after recanalization of the infarct-related coronary artery. It was confirmed that opioids mimic the phenomenon of postconditioning. According to obtained data, the most promising compounds for the prevention of reperfusion injury of the heart are κ(1)- and δ(2)-opioid receptor agonists, as they produce the infarct-limiting effect, while not reducing the arterial pressure.

[Alcohol-related mortality in the assessments of hospital unit physicians and pathologists: analysis of accounting medical documents].

AIM: To make a comparative analysis of the data available in the accounting medical documents drawn up at a multidisciplinary hospital on the level and structure of alcohol-related mortality (ARM) and to evaluate the efficiency of its accounting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Accounting medical documents, such as 453 inpatient cards (Form 003/y), 453 postmortem protocols (cards) (Form 013/H-80), and 453 death certificates (Form 106/y-08), were chosen as the basis for the study. The data of the final clinical and postmortem diagnoses in the patients who had died at hospital and their primary cause of death were comparatively analyzed. RESULTS: According to Form 003/y, ARM was 5.5%; the detection rate of alcohol-related disease (ARD) was 11% (95% confidence interval (CI), 8.3 to 14.3%); according to Form 013/H-80, ARM was 7.1% (95% CI, 4.9 to 9.8%) and the detection rate of ARD was 12.6% (95% CI, 9.7 to 16%). The consistency of the diagnoses of ARD as a main cause of death, made by hospital unit physicians and pathologists, is estimated as the mean--the Cohen's kappa coefficient (kappa) is 0.570) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of the investigation suggest that there are 3 types of ARM, which differ in its level and structure: ARM in the assessments of hospital unit physicians; that in the assessments of pathologists, and that according to the death certificates drawn up. The consistency index for the diagnosis of ARD as a main cause of death indicates that the hospital unit physicians only determine the etiology of alcohol-related cause of death, without identifying it specifically.

[Ultrasound semiotics in recurrent ovarian cancer after optimal cytoreductive surgery].

Features of ultrasound picture of morphologically verified recurrence of ovarian cancer in 21 patients are presented, who received combined treatment including cytoreductive surgery in the form of hysterectomy with oophorectomy, resection of the greater omentum and 6 courses of chemotherapy CAP for ovarian cancer stage III (FIGO). In all patients cytoreductive surgery was optimal--without residual tumor. Recurrence of the disease was detected in 12-48 months in 80.9% of the cases. Three variants of recurrence was revealed by ultrasonography: isolated peritoneal dissemination, in 14.2% of the cases, which was mainly detected during the first 12 months; single entities in the projection of the small pelvis (61.9%) and mixed form (local lesions of small pelvis and peritoneal dissemination) in 23.8% of the cases.

[Clinical and anamnestic analysis of multiple primary neoplasms with lesions of the endometrium in women of the Novosibirsk region].

Based on the study of 60 women who were treated at the gynecology department of the Novosibirsk Regional Oncology Dispensary from 2003 to 2013 with a diagnosis of primary multiple synchronous and metachronous neoplasia with endometrial lesion it was found that the most common risk factors for this disease could be considered: overweight and obesity; late age at onset of menarche; late age of menopause; concomitant cardiovascular diseases and disorders of the endocrine metabolism.

[Agonists of opioid receptors may aggravate ischemic and reperfusion damages of the heart].

Authors analyzed articles that opioids may aggravate ischemic and reperfusion damages of the heart but the opioid receptor antagonists may prevent these damages. Authors concluded the it is existed opioid receptor pool an activation of its decreases cardiac tolerance to an impact of ischemia-reperfusion.

[[Role of dyslipidemia in pathogenesis of vascular events among Arctic Circle population].

Habitation within the polar circle increases cardiovascular mortality rate and particularly increases mortality as a result of coronary events. The main reason of elevation of mortality from these diseases is a dyslipidemia which developed more among alien population residing long time in Far North. Dyslipidemia is less found among aboriginal population of Arctic Circle keeping traditional way of life and respectively it is low rate of mortality from coronary heart disease. The data showed that low rate of dyslipidemia among aboriginal population of North regions depends on fish consumption which is high content of Ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids.

[Role of thyroid system in adaptation to cold].

Adaptation to cold promotes an increase in blood T3 and T4 levels in men and animals. The long-term cold exposure can induce a decrease in concentration of serum total and free T3 in human due to an enhancement of this hormone clearance. Endogenous catecholamines during adaptation to cold raise iodothyronine deiodinase D2 activity in brown fat due to α1-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Triiodothyronine is an inductor of iodothyronine deiodinase expression in brown fat, liver and kidney. Iodothyronine deiodinase D2 plays an important role in adaptation of organism to cold contributing to the high adrenergic reactivity of brown fat. At adaptation to cold T3 interacts with T3Rß, it is formed T3Rß-RXR complex, which binds to DNA with following transcription of UCP-1 and UCP-3 genes and UCP-1 and UCP-3 protein synthesis and uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation and an increase in heat production, where T3Rß is T3-receptor-ß, RXR is retinoid X-receptor, UCP is uncoupling protein. Triiodothyronine contributes to normal response to adrenergic agents of brown fat due to T3Rα activation. Sympatho-adrenomedullary and thyroid systems act as synergists in adaptation to cold.

[Complex health service for treatment of patients with diabetic foot syndrome].

Complex service for treatment for patients, suffering diabetic foot syndrome, was created on the base of Dnipropetrovskiy Regional Clinical Hospital with the objective for application of high technologies. Creation of such a service have permitted to improve the results of the patients treatment. Enhancement of the performance rate of small operations on the foot have permitted to increase by 34.4% the quantity of patients, in whom a supportive function of the foot was preserved, and to reduce the conduction rate of the lower extremity amputation on a hip level, preserving a knee joint, by 39.5%, what is very important for the prosthesis. Widespread propaganda among population and primary link of the health service permit to reveal and eliminate complications of diabetes mellitus on earlier stages.

[Opioids--triggers of adaptive phenomenon of ischemic preconditioning of heart].

It was established that short-term ischemia/reperfusion evokes an increase in myocardial tissue of enkephalin levels. A blockade of delta-opioid receptors abolishes the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning both in vivo and in vitro. An inhibition of kappa-opioid receptors abolishes the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning only in vitro. Agonists of mu-, delta1- delta- and kappa1-opioid receptors mimic the cardioprotective effect of preconditioning. Consequently, it can be argued that endogenous opioid peptides are triggers of ischemic preconditioning.

[Improvement of the system of medico-evacuational interventions in the troops with the help of mobile specialized elements].

Taking into account the historical experience the authors considered the main principles of improvement of the system of preventive and curative interventions in the troops with the help of mobile functional elements. The authors suggested to develop medical reinforcement groups which satisfy requirements of high mobility and self-contained operations. 3 types of functional elements must be developed: 17 specialized doctor-nurse teams of the central military--treatment facilities, 10 doctor-nurse teams of district military (navy) clinical hospitals, 11 doctor-nurse teams of branches of district military hospitals. Assignment of air transport with the following reconversion in evacuation transport with the medical air station and medical helicopter station is concerned.

Effect of mature dendritic cells primed with autologous tumor antigens from patients with epithelial ovarian cancer on stimulation of the cytotoxic immune response in culture of mononuclear cells.

For modulation of antitumor cytotoxic activity of mononuclear cells in vitro, autologous dendritic cells loaded with tumor lysate antigens were cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with epithelial ovarian cancer in the presence or absence of IL-12 and IL-18. The efficiency of modulation was evaluated by cytotoxic activity of mononuclear cells against autologous tumor cells, by the production of IFN-γ, IL-4, and by the count of perforin-containing lymphocytes. It was demonstrated that dendritic cells stimulated cytotoxic immune response in mononuclear cell culture. Maximum induction of cytotoxic activity of mononuclear cells was attained in case of dendritic cells combination with IL-12 and IL-18 (increased death of autologous tumor cells, accumulation of perforin-positive lymphocytes, enhanced production of IFN-γ).

[Protein kinases role in adaptive phenomenon of heart ischemic postconditioning development].

Authors submitted an analysis of papers given up an involvement of protein kinases in heart ischemic postconditioning. This analysis of literature source allowed to authors affirms that signaling system of postconditioning can involve kinases: PKC, PI3K, Akt, MEKl/2, ERK1/2, MTOR, p70s6K, GSK3b, PKG and also eNOS, NO, GC, motoKATP channel, ROS, MPT pore. At the same time it is unclear a real contributions of kinases mTOR, p70s6, AMPK and GSK3b in the mechanism of infarct limiting impact of postconditioning. It is required a further study of the chain of signaling events following JAK2 and p38 kinase activation. The knowledge of Ras and Raf-1 role in postconditioning has hypothetical character. The tyrosine kinase significance in postcondi-tioning is unclear, particular Src kinase, which plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac tolerance to an impact of ischemia and reperfusion.