ABSTRACT
Sugarcane is grown extensively throughout the world including more than 100,000 ha in Khuzestan province, Iran. The pink stalk borers Sesamia are key pests of sugarcane in this region, while other stalk borers will occur in sugarcane worldwide. Application of silicon as a soil amendment has provided plant mitigation to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Silicon has been shown to enhance resistance of sugarcane against stalk borers. Field trials were conducted to determine the effects of calcium silicate against infestations of stalk borers Sesamia spp. and on yield quality. Experiments were conducted with three sugarcane varieties CP69-1062, IRC99-01, and SP70-1143 and two rates of calcium silicate (400 and 800 kg/ha). Percentage of stalk damaged, percentage of bored internodes, length of borer tunnel (mm), number of larvae + pupae per 100 stalks, number of exit holes, and cane yield quality were determined. We demonstrate significant reduction on borer population and damage under silicon treatment, but greater reduction in the percentages of stalk damage, bored internodes, moth exit holes, and length of borer tunnel and number of larvae and pupae per 100 stalks were observed in the susceptible variety CP69-1062. Silicon treatment positively affected cane and sugarcane juice quality of for the variety CP69-1062, but not for SP70-1143. We conclude that the benefits of silicon to sugarcane quality and sugarcane resistance to stalk borers are dependent on the sugarcane variety.
Subject(s)
Calcium Compounds/chemistry , Fertilizers , Herbivory , Insect Control , Moths/drug effects , Saccharum , Silicates/chemistry , Animals , Larva , PupaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Considering the importance of ticks as a main group transmitting pathogen organisms, this study designed to recognize immunogenic proteins in different tissues of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus tick and to find out if there are common proteins in these tissues. METHODS: Seven cattle were experimentally infested with about 10000 R. annulatus larvae and their humoral immune response to extracts of salivary gland and ovary of adult ticks and larval extracts during infestation were determined by ELISA and Western blot analysis. Measurements of serum antibodies level recorded weekly, from week 0 to week 9. RESULTS: Using Western blot analysis, 15 fractions from soluble antigens extracted from salivary gland and larvae, and 14 fractions in the larval extracts were recognized. These findings illustrate the recognition of common antigens with molecular weight of 170, 117, 100, 70, 37, 33 and 30 kDa from different antigens by resistant cattle sera. CONCLUSION: Common antigens are present in different tissues of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, which can be used as a target in immunization against ticks.
