ABSTRACT
In this study, we reported the ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) as an efficient, cost-effective, and mild catalyst for the synthesis of substituted pyridines via a one-pot pseudo four-component reaction. Furthermore, we investigated Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) synthesis and oxidation of 1,4-DHPs to their corresponding pyridines. The present approach offers a rapid methodology for accessing various pyridines with broad functional group tolerance and good yields using NH4VO3 catalyst as a green catalyst.
Subject(s)
Dihydropyridines , Pyridines , Catalysis , VanadatesABSTRACT
Fe3O4@PVA-Cu nanocomposite was introduced as an affordable catalyst for selective oxidation of alcohols into various aldehydes and ketones. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by applying essential analyses. The peaks that are appeared in FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the production of the Fe3O4@PVA-Cu nanocomposite. In addition, EDX analysis proved the presence of oxygen, carbon, iron, and copper elements in the catalyst. Further, TGA analysis showed high thermal stability of the nanocomposite. VSM technique was applied to examine the magnetic property of the nanocomposite. The results demonstrated a high magnetic property in the catalyst, which enables easy separation of it from the reaction solution. TEM and SEM imaging showed the nanoscale size of the particles (~20 nm) in the catalyst. Additionally, XRD data was compatible with that of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The application of the nanocomposite has been studied in the selective oxidation of alcohols in the presence of acetonitrile as solvent, and hydrogen peroxide as a supplementary oxidizing agent. This technique is remarkably facile and inexpensive. Further, the products showed high yields. In addition, the calculated TON and TOF values indicated the phenomenal efficiency of the nanocomposite in preparation of targeted products.
ABSTRACT
For the first time, the design and preparation of magnetic polyvinyl alcohol (Fe3O4@PVA) nanocomposite film as a novel nanocatalyst was accomplished by in situ precipitation method. To enhance the catalysis activity, the surface modification of this nanocomposite was carried out by sulfonic acid. After the synthesis of this nanocomposite film, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, N2 adsorption-desorption by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were utilized to confirm the structure of the nanocomposite. The catalytic activity of Fe3O4@PVA was investigated by the synthesis of dihydropyrimidine derivatives from an aldehyde, ß-ketoester and urea or thiourea. This heterogeneous nanocatalyst can be easily separated by an external magnet and reused for several times without any significant loss of activity. Simple work-up, mild reaction conditions and easily recoverable catalyst are the advantageous of this nanocomposite film.
