ABSTRACT
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important cause of hospital-acquired infection. Methods for typing and epidemiological investigation of MRSA isolates have an important impact in detection of MRSA strains, source, transmission and control of these micro-organisms. The aims of this study were to study molecular diversity of MRSA isolates by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the surveillance efficacy of this method and determination of antibiotic resistance patterns of MRSA isolates. MRSA isolates were collected from clinical specimens and noses of 460 staff and inpatients admitted to Imam Khomeini and Paediatric Hospitals during a six-month period (2004-2005). Eighty MRSA strains, in which the presence of mecA gene had been confirmed by PCR, were subjected to RAPD-PCR using five primers and the results were summarised in a dendrogram to show the relationships between the test isolates. Antibiotic resistance patterns of MRSA isolates were also determined by disc agar diffusion method using 13 antibiotic discs according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Forty-three RAPD-PCR profiles were detected. The test isolates were clustered into 18 taxa with 50% similarity, indicating the heterogeneity of our test isolates. MRSA isolates fell into 41 antibiotic resistance patterns. There was correlation between antibiotic resistance patterns and results of RAPD-PCR. Most of the MRSA isolates were multi-resistant.
Subject(s)
DNA Fingerprinting/methods , Medical Staff, Hospital , Methicillin Resistance , Nursing Staff, Hospital , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/classification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Humans , Iran , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Nasal Cavity/microbiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Population Surveillance/methods , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The study evaluated a non-invasive antigen test of stool samples for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children compared with histopathology of gastric biopsies (gold standard). The study included 96 children aged 1-15 years old with dyspeptic symptoms referred for endoscopy at Tabriz Children's Hospital, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran from May 2003 to March 2004. Of 62 children who were positive by histology, 34 were H. pylori stool antigen positive and of 34 patients with negative histology, 27 had negative stool test. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were low (54.8% and 79.4% respectively) compared with the gold standard and the positive and negative predictive values were 82.9% and 49.9%. However, the test may be useful for mass screening for H. pylori.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Bacterial/analysis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Feces/microbiology , Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis , Helicobacter pylori/immunology , Adolescent , Biopsy , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Dyspepsia/microbiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/standards , Gastritis/microbiology , Gastroscopy , Helicobacter Infections/complications , Helicobacter Infections/immunology , Helicobacter Infections/microbiology , Hospitals, Pediatric , Humans , Infant , Iran , Mass Screening/methods , Mass Screening/standards , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The study evaluated a non-invasive antigen test of stool samples for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children compared with histopathology of gastric biopsies [gold standard]. The study included 96 children aged 1-5 years old with dyspeptic symptoms referred for endoscopy at Tabriz Children's Hospital, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran from May 2003 to March 2004. Of 62 children who were positive by histology, 34 were H. pylori stool antigen positive and of 34 patients with negative histology, 27 had negative stool test. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were low [54.8% and 79.4% respectively] compared with the gold standard and the positive and negative predictive values were 82.9% and 49.9%. However, the test may be useful for mass screening for H. pylori
