Factors affecting motorcycle crash casualty severity at signalized and non-signalized intersections in Ghana: Insights from a data mining and binary logit regression approach.

Despite the countless benefits derived from motorcycle usage, it has become a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries, due to the plateauing number of fatal/serious injuries associated with them. Although it has been well documented that the frequency and fatality rates of intersection-related motorcycle crashes are high, little research efforts have been made to explore the contributory factors influencing motorcycle-involved crashes at these locations. Interestingly, no study has investigated the latent patterns and chains of factors that simultaneously contribute to the injury severity sustained by motorcycle crash casualties at intersections under different traffic control conditions in developing countries. Since motorcycles are mostly used as taxis in developing countries, it is imperative to consider the injury severity sustained by all crash casualties in the motorcycle safety analysis. This study bridges the research gap by employing a plausible data mining tool to explore hidden rules associated with motorcycle crash casualty injury severity outcomes at both signalized and non-signalized intersections in Ghana's most densely populated region, Accra, using three-year crash data spanning 2016-2018. Besides, a binary logit regression model was also employed to explore the impact of crash factors on casualty severity outcomes using the same dataset. The results from both analysis techniques were consistent; however, the data mining technique provided chains of factors which provided additional insights into the groups of factors that collectively influence the casualty injury severity outcomes. From the rule discovery results, while full license status, daytime/daylight, and shoulder presence increased the risk of fatal injuries at signalized intersections, factors such as inattentiveness, good road surface, nighttime, shoulder absence, and young rider were highly likely to increase casualty fatalities at non-signalized intersections. By controlling all or some of these risk factors, the level of injury severity on the roadways could be reduced. Based on the findings, we provide enforcement, education, and engineering-based recommendations to help improve motorcycle safety.

Prevalence rate of helmet use among motorcycle riders in Kumasi, Ghana.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the prevalence rate and identified the associated factors influencing helmet use in Kumasi, Ghana. METHODS: The data used in this study were collected from motorcycle riders in the Kumasi metropolis through questionnaire survey. The contributing factors influencing helmet use were determined using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: The results show that the rate of helmet use was about 47% and the influential factors include rider's gender, marital status, educational attainment, ownership of a helmet, and motorcycle license. The most important reasons influencing noncompliance with helmet use as reported by the riders include discomfort, distance traveled, not owning a helmet, and forgetfulness. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the need for policymakers to set up policy guidelines to enforce compliance with helmet use. For instance, any effort seeking to increase helmet use may first have to deal with helmet ownership, which also relates to the cost of helmet. In addition, helmet producers should conform to high quality standards in order to avoid discomfort while wearing a helmet.