ABSTRACT
L-Lysine HCI is being proposed to be a possible biocompatible adjuvant to enhance immune response by virtue of its probable non-specific bridging action and cellular proliferation properties. This proposal has been tried to be substantiated by designing an in vitro culture protocol, varying the concentration of L-lysine HCI and its further in vivo application. Splenic lymphocyte population has been extracted from mice and co-cultured with extracted mice macrophage population in presence of either Bacille Calmette Guerrin (BCG) or Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) and added L-lysine hydrochloride in culture media. Post incubation of these cultures, "taught" cell population has been adoptively transferred in naïve mice. These mice were then challenged by respective antigen dose, Change in Immune response with this challenge was noted. Antibody titre was followed in all the experiments as a measure of immune response. In adoptive immune transfer experiment of with HbsAg (AIT-HbsAg), similar to that with BCG (AIT-BCG), after the incubation period, antibody titre was higher in added lysine containing cultures in comparison with the control ones. Post transfer followed by antigen challenge, in AIT-BCG the expected augmentation in immune response was hardly visible. But in AIT-HbsAg, with the help of lysine booster, the animals responded better as far as the antibody titre is concerned.
Subject(s)
Lysine/administration & dosage , Tuberculosis Vaccines/administration & dosage , Animals , BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage , Female , Hepatitis B Vaccines/administration & dosage , Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage , Immunotherapy, Adoptive , In Vitro Techniques , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB CABSTRACT
L-Lysine HCl is being proposed to be a possible biocompatible adjuvant to enhance immune response by virtue of its probable non-specific bridging action and cellular proliferation properties. This proposal has been tried to be substantiated by carrying out experimentation where L-lysine HCl has been used as an adjuvant (various groups based on mode of application and frequency of booster dose were designed) in tuberculosis vaccination experiments with heat killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG). Antibody titre has been followed in all the experiments as a measure of immune response. Amongst the various groups designed, group 1A (L-lysine HCl was given at a separate site as that of the antigen; lysine booster was given to this group intermittently, i.e. lysine given on 0th, 7th, 14th, 21st days of immunization) came out as the stand-alone leader. This mode and frequency of application was then compared with a group which received a standard adjuvant, viz. alhydrogel. Results were obtained which showed the following order in terms of decreasing antibody titre: alhydrogel group > lysine group > control group. Considering the biocompatible nature of lysine in comparison with the reportedly hazardous nature of alum adjuvants, we propose L-lysine HCl as a probable adjuvant in vaccination.
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , BCG Vaccine/immunology , Lysine/pharmacology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage , Cell Division/drug effects , Drug Synergism , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Injections, Subcutaneous , Male , MiceABSTRACT
The absorption of oral metronidazole in control rabbits and in rabbits irradiated with cobalt-60 gamma radiation was studied. It was observed that the bioavailability of metronidazole was significantly reduced in irradiated animals the reduction being dependent on the dose of radiation. The maximum decrease in absorption was seen 48 h post-irradiation.
Subject(s)
Metronidazole/pharmacokinetics , Radiation Injuries, Experimental/metabolism , Animals , Biological Availability , Colorimetry , Female , Gamma Rays , Male , RabbitsABSTRACT
The essential oil of A. calamus (1:1000 v/v) inhibited the amplitude of rhythmic contractions within 5 minutes of the exposure. It was interesting to note that though the oil produced partial paralysis of the movements, the phenolic and non-phenolic fractions of the same oil, when tested separately caused complete paralysis within 25 and 5 minutes respectively.
ABSTRACT
1. Isolated rat stomach fundal strip bathed in Krebs solution containing atropine (1 mug/ml), responded to indirect stimulation by a relaxation which was frequency dependent. These responses were blocked by phenoxybenzamine (6 mug/ml) or phentolamine (8 mug/ml).2. Strips obtained from rats previously treated with reserpine did not show relaxation to indirect stimulation. These responses were therefore adrenergic in nature.3. Bretylium (0.1-100 mug/ml) failed to block the relaxations produced by indirect stimulation, in fact relaxations were potentiated by the drug.4. Guanethidine (10 mug/ml) blocked the relaxations induced by indirect stimulation.5. Guanethidine may be taken up by adrenergic nerves actively since its action is not seen at 12 degrees C.6. Bretylium (10 mug/ml) prevented the actions of guanethidine at 37 degrees C.
