Effects of light environments within Cinnamomum camphora canopy on leaf functional traits and photosynthetic characteristics.

To explore the adaptive mechanism of leaf photosynthetic capacity in different light environments within Cinnamomum camphora canopy and enhance carbon sequestration, we investigated morphological structures, nutritional and physiological traits and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves in different orientations of C. camphora canopy, southern side in the outer layer (100% full light), southern side in the inner layer (34% full light) and northern side (21% full light). We analyzed the main limitation resulting in down-regulation of photosynthetic capacity in low light environments. Results showed that specific leaf weight, the thickness of lower and upper epidermal cuticle, lower epidermis, palisade tissue as well as cell number and width of palisade tissue, the thickness ratio of palisade to spongy tissue, cell structure closely degree significantly decreased with decreasing light intensity within canopy, opposite to the responses of spongy tissue thickness, cell length-width ratio of palisade tissue, and cell structure loose degree. The contents of leaf carbon, soluble protein, soluble sugar and starch were significantly lower in two low light environments compared with full light, whereas nitrogen content was markedly higher in north side. Low light prominently reduced gas exchange parameters, i.e., net photosynthetic rate (Pn), dark respiration rate, stomatal conductance to CO2(gsc), mesophyll conductance to CO2(gm), total conductance to CO2(gtot), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), CO2 concentration at the chloroplast (Cc). Pn was positively correlated with gsc, gm, gtot and Cc. There were no differences in maximum quantum photochemical efficiency, actual quantum photochemical efficiency, photochemical quenching coefficient, maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vc max) and maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) among light environments. Vc max and Jmax were positively correlated to Pn. Of the shading-induced limitations to photosynthesis, gm limitation was the most important, and gsc limitation was enhanced with further weakened light intensity while biochemical limitation was rather limited. In summary, the results suggested that full light could improve leaf photosynthetic potential in C. camphora canopy leaves, reduce the effects of gm and gsc limitation on photosynthesis, and consequently enhance carbon assimilation capacity.

Ovarian fibrosarcoma: A single-institution experience and a review of the literature.

Ovarian fibrosarcoma is an extremely rare and malignant sex cord-stromal tumor. Due to its low incidence and poor prognosis, until now, very few cases have been reported, and most of the reported cases have been sporadic. Therefore, the treatments and prognostic factors of ovarian fibrosarcoma are still debatable. Here, we report 5 cases of ovarian fibrosarcoma that presented at Peking Union Medical College Hospital over the past 20 years. The 5 patients were 41, 51, 54, 76, and 76 years of age when initial symptoms of pelvic mass or pain appeared. On ultrasound, this disease usually manifests as unilateral pelvic masses, within which uneven echo enhancement and some blood flow signals are observed. No significant increase was observed in the levels of preoperative tumor markers, such as serum CA125 and sex hormones. The final diagnosis depends on postoperative histopathological results since these tumors are easily misdiagnosed when intraoperative frozen sections are used for examination. Pathologic examinations showed that the tumor cells were spindle-shaped with moderate to severe atypia and high mitotic counts. The immunohistochemistry profile is not specific, but the positive rate of Ki-67 was consistent with the degree of malignancy and the prognosis of patients with this tumor. In addition, the tumor may also be positive for Vimentin, α-inhibin, SMA, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. Significant differences were observed in the surgical methods used, and no unified chemotherapy regimen has been established. The overall survival was > 15, >7, > 6, <1, and < 1 year for each patient. After reviewing the literature, evidence-based large-scale case studies were lacking. For treatments, complete cytoreductive surgery plus regimens typically used against malignant sex cord-stromal tumors, as described in the NCCN guidelines, are recommended. Due to its low incidence, both multicenter clinical studies and molecular studies are required to provide gynecologists with a better understanding and guidance for future management of patients with ovarian fibrosarcoma.

Solid State Structures of Lead Complexes with Relevance for Biological Systems.

Structural information on the interaction between lead ion and its targeting biological substances is important not only for enriching coordination chemistry of lead but for successfully treating lead poisoning that is a present-day problem. This chapter provides structural data, mainly metal binding sites/modes, observed in crystal structures of lead complexes with biorelevant molecules, obtained from the Cambridge Structural Database (the CSD version 5.36 updated to May 2015) and the Protein Data Bank (PDB updated to February 2016). Ligands include (i) amino acids and small peptides, (ii) proteins, (iii) nucleic acid constituents, (iv) nucleic acids, (v) simple saccharides, and (vi) other biorelevant molecules involving lead-detoxification agents. For representative complexes of these ligands, some details on the environment of the metal coordination and structural characteristics are described.

Surgical Treatment Strategies of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis withRight Cardiac Cavities Extension.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and surgical treatment strategies of intravenous leiomyomatosis(IVL)extending through inferior vena cava into the right cardiac cavities. Methods Thirty patients of IVL extending through inferior vena cava into the right cardiac cavities were treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2002 to January 2015.The following variables were studied: age,cardiopulmonary bypass time,deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time,origins of IVL,blood loss,duration of post-operative hospital stay,hospitalization expenses,edema of lower extremity,blood transfusion,postoperative complication,residual IVL,and re-grow or recurrence. Results Thirteen of 30 patients reported double lower limb edema. The cardiopulmonary bypass was applied in 27 cases,and the average duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was(106.9±53.7)min. Then,21 patients were treated with the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest,and the mean time was(28.2±11.6) min. The tumors originated from the genital veins in 9 cases,the iliac vein in 13 cases,and both veins in 8 cases. The average intra-operative blood loss volume was (2060.5±2012.3)ml,and 21 patients received blood transfusion. The average hospitalization time was(18.9±8.3)days and the average hospitalization expenses was (80 840.4±28 264.2)RMB yuan. While 14 patients had postoperative complications,there was no serious postoperative complication or death.All patients have shown a favorable outcome.Conclusions Tumor embolus extending through inferior vena cava into the right cardiac cavities should be suspected in patients with multiple hysteromyoma. Successful therapy for IVL with right cardiac cavities extension is dependent on reasonable surgical treatment strategies. Surgical removal of the ovaries is vital to avoid IVL re-grow or recurrence.

Solid State Structures of Alkali Metal Ion Complexes Formed by Low-Molecular-Weight Ligands of Biological Relevance.

This chapter provides structural data, mainly metal binding sites/modes, observed in crystal structures of alkali metal ion complexes containing low-molecular-weight ligands of biological relevance, mostly obtained from the Cambridge Structural Database (the CSD version 5.35 updated to February 2014). These ligands include (i) amino acids and small peptides, (ii) nucleic acid constituents (excluding quadruplexes and other oligonucleotides), (iii) simple carbohydrates, and (iv) naturally occurring antibiotic ionophores. For some representative complexes of these ligands, some details on the environment of the metal coordination and structural characteristics are described.

Simulation and Visualization of Liver Cancer Ablation Focus in Optical Surgical Navigation.

Radiofrequency ablation therapy of liver cancer is a local mini-invasive treatment technology with several advantages, such as low trauma, safety, effectiveness, and quick postoperative recovery. The application of the optical surgical navigation system in radiofrequency ablation therapy can realize the real-time positioning of surgical instruments and focus. The positioning results can be displayed on the computer, thereby guiding doctors to accurately insert the radiofrequency electrode into the focus and improving surgical efficiency. Meanwhile, the accurate evaluation of the form and size of the ablation focus by the navigation system is the key to realizing the complete ablation of liver cancer. Therefore, based on the heat conduction equation, this paper simplifies the simulation process of the ablation focus, calculates the volume of the ablation focus by distinguishing boundary points and internal points, achieves the effective simulation of the ablation results in the surgery, and reconstructs the ablation focus by using ray casting algorithm and mobile cube algorithm for 3D visualization processing, thereby providing doctors the convenience of being able to simulate the radiofrequency ablation surgery before the actual surgery.

[Effects of Chaihu Shugan Powder on the Cytoactivity of Rat Interstitial Cells of Cajal and Intracellu- lar Ca²+ Concentration].

Objective To observe effects of Chaihu Shugan Powder (CSP) on the cytoactivity and intracellular Ca²âº concentration of rat interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). Methods CSP containing serum was prepared according to common methods of seropharmacology, which was then divided into three CSP groups (5%,10%, 20% CSP containing serum) , 10% Domperidone containing serum group, and the blank control group. ICCs in gastric antrum were rapidly isolated and extracted to perform routine culture. ICCs were identified by immunofluorescence staining. The logarithmic growth curve of ICCs was determined by MTT method. After 3 days culture of ICCs at the logarithmic phase, the cytoactivity of ICCs was detected by CCK-8 method. Intracellular Ca²âº changes of ICCs were tested by Fluo-3 fluorescence with laser scanning confocal microscope. Effects of drug containing serums in each group on the growth of ICCs in gastric an- trum were compared. Results After successful isolation, culture, and identification of ICCs, the cytoac- tivity of ICCs and intracellular Ca²âº fluorescence intensity were significantly enhanced in the Domperidone group and the CSP groups, as compared with the blank group at the same time point (P <0. 05). Compared with the Domperidone group at the same time point, the cytoactivity of ICCs and intracellular Ca²âº fluorescence intensity were significantly enhanced in 10% and 20% CSP groups (P <0. 05). Compared with 5% CSP group at the same time point, the cytoactivity of ICCs (48 and 72 h respectively) and intracellular Ca²âº fluorescence intensity were significantly enhanced in 10% and 20% CSP groups (P <0. 05). Conclu- sion CSP could promote cytoactivity and growth of ICCs by enhancing intracellular Ca²âº concentration.

Surgical Treatment Strategies of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis withRight Cardiac Cavities Extension / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and surgical treatment strategies of intravenous leiomyomatosis(IVL)extending through inferior vena cava into the right cardiac cavities. Methods Thirty patients of IVL extending through inferior vena cava into the right cardiac cavities were treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2002 to January 2015.The following variables were studied: age,cardiopulmonary bypass time,deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time,origins of IVL,blood loss,duration of post-operative hospital stay,hospitalization expenses,edema of lower extremity,blood transfusion,postoperative complication,residual IVL,and re-grow or recurrence. Results Thirteen of 30 patients reported double lower limb edema. The cardiopulmonary bypass was applied in 27 cases,and the average duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was(106.9±53.7)min. Then,21 patients were treated with the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest,and the mean time was(28.2±11.6) min. The tumors originated from the genital veins in 9 cases,the iliac vein in 13 cases,and both veins in 8 cases. The average intra-operative blood loss volume was (2060.5±2012.3)ml,and 21 patients received blood transfusion. The average hospitalization time was(18.9±8.3)days and the average hospitalization expenses was (80 840.4±28 264.2)RMB yuan. While 14 patients had postoperative complications,there was no serious postoperative complication or death.All patients have shown a favorable outcome.Conclusions Tumor embolus extending through inferior vena cava into the right cardiac cavities should be suspected in patients with multiple hysteromyoma. Successful therapy for IVL with right cardiac cavities extension is dependent on reasonable surgical treatment strategies. Surgical removal of the ovaries is vital to avoid IVL re-grow or recurrence.

[Genotypes of human papilloma virus in male condyloma acuminata patients in Lishui area].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genotypes of human papilloma virus (HPV) in male patients with condyloma acuminate in Lishui area of Zhejiang Province, China. METHODS: Using HybriMax, we identified the genotypes of HPV of the verruca samples from 110 male condyloma acuminate patients aged 16 - 65 years in Lishui area. RESULTS: HPV infection was detected in 107 (97.27%) of the condyloma acuminate patients, including 76 cases (71.02%) of simple infection and 31 cases (28.97%) of multiple infection. The peak age of infection was 21 - 40 years old. Totally, 14 genotypes of HPV were identified, including the high-risk genotypes as HPV16, 53, 52, 33, CP8304, 58, 51, 45, 66, 68, and 59, which accounted for 44.85% of the cases, and the low-risk ones as HPV6, 11, and 19 (43), with an infection rate of 93.45%. CONCLUSION: The low-risk genotype is a dominant type of HPV infection and the rates of high-risk genotype and multiple infection are high among the male condyloma acuminate patients in Lishui area.

Interactive 3D medical data cutting using closed curve with arbitrary shape.

Interactive 3D cutting is widely used as a flexible manual segmentation tool to extract medical data on regions of interest. A novel method for clipping 3D medical data is proposed to reveal the interior of volumetric data. The 3D cutting method retains or clips away selected voxels projected inside an arbitrary-shaped closed curve which is clipping geometry constructed by interactive tool to make cutting operation more flexible. Transformation between the world and screen coordinate frames is studied to project voxels of medical data onto the screen frame and avoid computing intersection of clipping geometry and volumetric data in 3D space. For facilitating the decision on whether the voxels should be retained, voxels through coordinate transformation are all projected onto a binary mask image on screen frame which the closed curve is also projected onto to conveniently obtain the voxels of intersection. The paper pays special attention to optimization algorithm of cutting process. The optimization algorithm that mixes octree with quad-tree decomposition is introduced to reduce computation complexity, save computation time, and match real time. The paper presents results obtained from raw and segmented medical volume datasets and the process time of cutting operation.

[Pregnant rate and pregnancy-relating factors of patients with early endometrial carcinoma and severe atypical hyperplasia of endometrium after fertility-preserving treatment by progestin].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the pregnant rate of patients with early endometrial carcinoma and severe atypical hyperplasia after fertility-preserving treatment and analyze their pregnancy-relating factors. METHODS: Endometrial curettage was used to evaluate the therapy response of endometrium after every 3 months of administration of high-dose progestin as fertility-sparing treatment for 51 patients with stage I endometrial carcinoma or severe endometrial atypical hyperplasia from Jun. 1996 to Jan. 2010. Individualized maintained treatment was given to patients after achieving complete remission of the endometrium. Pregnant results and pregnancy-relating factors were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The median age of all the 51 patients was 29 years old. Forty-five (88%, 45/51) achieved complete response. Of the 34 cases who desired to conceive after complete response, 16 of them had 22 pregnancies, the pregnant rate was 47% (16/34); and 12 women obtained healthy live birth baby, the fertility rate was 35% (12/34). The pregnant rate of patients at age >35 or ≤ 35 was 0/2 and 50% (16/32) respectively (P > 0.05). The pregnant rate of patients with or without infertility was 40% (8/20) and 8/14, with endometrial cancer or severe atypical hyperplasia was 40% (10/25) and 6/9, respectively (all P > 0.05). The pregnant rate of patients who received in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, ovulation promotion, or no treatment was 7/7, 6/16 and 3/11 respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Fertility-preserving treatment for early endometrial cancer and severe atypical hyperplasia with high-dose progestin could achieve higher response rate. Assisted reproductive technologies could significantly increase the chance of conception.

Two hydrate pseudopolymorphs of thiamine pyrophosphate: a dihydrate and a trihydrate.

Two hydrate pseudopolymorphs of 3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-1-ium-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium-5-yl hydrogen pyrophosphate (TPP), viz. a dihydrate, C12H18N4O7P2S·2H2O, (I), and a trihydrate, C12H18N4O7P2S·3H2O, (II), were obtained during a structural study of vitamin B1 coenzyme. In both compounds, TPP is a neutral zwitterion, with its pyrophosphate group doubly deprotonated and its pyrimidine ring protonated, and it assumes the usual `F' conformation in terms of the two torsion angles about the bonds by which the methylene group links the thiazolium and pyrimidinium rings [1.1 (3) and 79.7 (3)° for (I), and 2.0 (3) and 75.5 (3)° for (II)]. In (I), two TPP molecules are linked by a pair of O-H···O hydrogen bonds into a phosphate-pairing dimer. N-H···O hydrogen bonds connect the dimers into a sheet parallel to (101). In (II), the TPP molecules are self-assembled solely by N-H···O hydrogen bonds, generating a tape structure along [001]. A comparison of the four known hydrate pseudopolymorphs of TPP shows that the phosphate-pairing dimers are basic building units for the formation of two-dimensional networks.

Dynamic distribution and tissue tropism of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in experimentally infected chickens.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), is an Office International des Epizooties (OIE) notifiable disease. However, we have not clearly understood the dynamic distribution, tissue tropism, pathogenesis, and replication of ILTV in chickens. In this report, we investigated the dynamic distribution and tissue tropism of the virus in internal organs of experimentally infected chickens using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and a histopathological test. The study showed that ILTV could be clearly detected in eight internal organs (throat, trachea, lung, cecum, kidney, pancreas, thymus and esophagus) of infected chickens, whereas the virus was difficult to detect in heart, spleen, proventriculus, liver, brain and bursa. Meanwhile, the thymidine kinase (TK) gene levels in eight internal organs increased from 3 days to 5 days postinfection, and then decreased from 6 days to 8 days postinfection. The log copy number of ILTV progressively increased over 3 days, which corresponds to the clinical score and the result of the histopathological test. The results provide a foundation for further clarification of the pathogenic mechanism of ILTV in internal organs and indicate that throat, lung, trachea, cecum, kidney, pancreas and esophagus may be preferred sites of acute infection, suggesting that the tissue tropism and distribution of ILTV is very broad.

Poly[[tris-(µ-4,4'-bipyridine-κ(2)N:N')bis-(µ-l-lysinato-κ(3)N(1),O(1):O(1'))dizinc(II)] tetra-nitrate 0.6-hydrate dimethyl-formamide disolvate].

In the title compound, {[Zn(2)(C(6)H(14)N(2)O(2))(2)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(3)](NO(3))(4)·0.6H(2)O·2C(3)H(7)NO}(n), the Zn(II) ion is six-coordinated with a distorted octa-hedral geometry by two carboxyl-ate O atoms and one amino N atom from two l-lysinate (l-lys) ligands, and three N atoms from three 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bipy) ligands. The Zn(II) ions are connected by the carboxyl-ate groups of the l-lys ligands in the a-axis direction and the bridging 4,4'-bipy ligands in the b- and c-axis directions, forming a three-dimensional cationic framework with channels along [100]. The nitrate anions and solvent water and dimethyl-formamide (DMF) mol-ecules are located in the channels and linked to the cationic framework by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The occupancy of the water mol-ecule was fixed at 0.6. One of the DMF mol-ecules is disordered over two sets of sites, with an occupancy ratio of 0.632:0.368 (11).

[Management of invasive cervical cancer in pregnancy: clinical analysis of 13 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics and assess the outcome of treatment for cervical cancer during pregnancy. METHODS: A cohort of 13 patients with cervical cancer diagnosed during pregnancy from January 2001 to September 2011 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) was retrospectively studied. Clinical information, gestational age at diagnosis, treatment options and maternal and child outcomes were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Thirteen patients out of 2030 cases of invasive cervical cancer were diagnosed during pregnancy with an incidence of 0.64% (13/2030). The Mean gestational age at diagnosis of 13 patients is 21(+6) weeks. Two cases were diagnosed during the first trimester, 8 cases at second trimester and 3 cases at third trimester respectively. Vaginal bleeding during the pregnancy was main clinical manifestation presented in 8 patients and all thirteen cases were diagnosed by biopsy with pathological types of squamous cell carcinoma in 10 cases. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage was I in eleven cases and stage II in two cases. Six patients of them received treatment promptly after diagnosis. The other 7 patients had delayed treatment with mean diagnosis-treatment interval time of 65 days due to fertility reasons, who ended pregnancy by cesarean section at mean gestational age of 34(+6) weeks, two of them received chemotherapy with cisplatin + fluorouracil (PF) or cisplatin respectively before the end of the pregnancy, while the one with PF chemotherapy experienced neonatal death. The rest 6 neonatal outcomes were good. As follow-up of 13 cases: 11 cases in stage I received surgical treatment, and two of which had recurrence respectively, 15 months and 7 months post surgery, and one case had died. One case of Stage II patients died and one had recurrence after 53 months after radiotherapy. The recurrence rate in 13 cases was 3/13 and the mortality rate was 2/13. CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of cervical cancer diagnosed during pregnancy were in early FIGO stage. For those patients diagnosed in late pregnancy with strong fertility demand, considering delayed treatment according to FIGO stage of the disease and fetus maturity is appropriate. Chemotherapy during pregnancy may cause neonatal complications.

Poly[di-µ(3)-hy-droxy[µ(4)-5-(4-carb-oxy-phen-yl)pyridine-2-carboxyl-ato-κ(5)N,O(2):O(2'):O(4):O(4')]dicadmium].

The asymmetric unit of the title polymeric complex, [Cd(2)(C(13)H(7)NO(4))(OH)(2)](n), consists of two independent Cd(II) atoms, one 5-(4-carb-oxy-phen-yl)pyridine-2-carboxyl-ate ligand and two hy-droxy groups. One Cd(II) atom is six-coordinated by two O atoms from two ligand mol-ecules and by four µ(3)-OH groups in a distorted trigonal-prismatic geometry. The other is five-coordinated by one N and two O atoms from two ligands and by two µ(3)-OH groups, forming a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. The two independent Cd(II) atoms are connected by the ligand mol-ecules and the OH groups into a three-dimensional framework. O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the OH groups and the carboxyl-ate O atoms are observed.

[Clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of endometrial stromal sarcoma: a study of 55 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathologic features and the prognostic factors of endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS). METHODS: 55 cases of endometrial stromal sarcoma were reviewed and categorized into 3 pathologic types based on the related literatures, i.e., low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS), undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma with nuclear uniformity (UES-U) and undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma with nuclear pleomorphism (UES-P). Meanwhile, the pathologic features were reviewed, including fibroid, myoid, mucoid, and epithelioid differentiation and mitotic index. Clinical and follow-up data were collected. RESULTS: In endometrial stromal sarcoma, two or three pathologic types co-existed in one case, including 12.8% (5/39) of LGESS, 5/9 of UES-U, and 5/7 of UES-P. Mitotic index varied in different regions of one tumor from rare to high. Multi-differentiation was also commonly seen in ESS. The numbers of cases in LGESS, UES-U and UES-P were 39, 9 and 7, with recurrence rate of 51.6% (16/31), 5/6 and 2/3, respectively. There was no death case in LGESS, and 2 cases were died in UES-U and UES-P, respectively. In the 2 death cases of UES-U, both had focus of UES-P. There was a significant difference in the recurrence rate between cases with different mitotic index (≥ 10/10 HPF and < 10/10 HPF, P = 0.009), especially in LGESS group. All death cases had high mitotic index (> 30/10 HPF). CONCLUSIONS: It is a common phenomenon in ESS that two or three pathologic types may exist in one case, especially in UES-U and UES-P. And multi-differentiation is also commonly seen in ESS. So adequate pathologic sampling is important for pathologists to make a correct diagnosis of ESS in daily work. The recurrence rates are significantly higher in cases with high mitotic index, especially in LGESS. In addition, the presence of UES-P and high mitotic index may increase the risk of death in the patients.

catena-Poly[[[aqua-bis-(4,4'-bipyridine-κN)zinc]-µ-l-tyrosinato-κN,O:O] nitrate dihydrate].

In the title compound, {[Zn(C(9)H(10)NO(3))(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)]NO(3)·2H(2)O}(n), the Zn(II) atom is six-coordinated in a distorted octa-hedral geometry by two carboxyl-ate O atoms and one amino N atom from two l-tyrosinate ligands, two N atoms from two 4,4'-bipyridine ligands, and one water mol-ecule. Adjacent Zn atoms are bridged by the bidentate carboxyl-ate groups into a cationic chain extending along [010]. N-H⋯N, O-H⋯N and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the cationic chains, nitrate anions and uncoordinated water mol-ecules into a supra-molecular network. π-π inter-actions between the pyridine rings and between the pyridine and benzene rings [centroid-centroid distances = 3.615 (4) and 3.636 (4) Å] are present.

Value of the pudendal nerves terminal motor latency measurements in the diagnosis of occult stress urinary incontinence / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Occult stress urinary incontinence may lead to de novo stress urinary incontinence after pelvic floor repair surgery. A measurement of pudendal nerve terminal motor latency can reflect the integrity of the nerves. We aimed to explore the value of pudendal nerve terminal motor latency in the diagnosis of occult stress urinary incontinence in pelvic organ prolapse patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI group), 10 with SUI and uterine or vaginal prolapse (POP + SUI group) and 10 with uncomplicated uterine or vaginal prolapse (POP group) were evaluated for their pudendal nerve terminal motor latency using a keypoint electromyogram.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The amplitude of positive waves was between 0.1 and 0.2 mV. The nerve terminal motor latency was between 1.44 and 2.38 ms. There was no significant difference in the wave amplitudes of pudendal nerve evoked action potential among the three different groups (P > 0.05). The pudendal nerve latency of the SUI group, POP + SUI group and POP group were (2.9 ± 0.7) seconds, (2.8 ± 0.7) seconds and (1.9 ± 0.5) seconds respectively. The difference between the SUI group and POP + SUI group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), whereas the difference between the SUI and POP groups and between the POP + SUI and POP groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between pudendal nerve latency and the severity of SUI; the correlation coefficient was 0.720 (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Patients with SUI may have some nerve demyelination injuries in the pudendal nerve but the damage might not involve the nerve axons. The measurement of pudendal nerve latency may be useful for the diagnosis of SUI in POP patients.</p>

Clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of endometrial stromal sarcoma: a study of 55 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathologic features and the prognostic factors of endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>55 cases of endometrial stromal sarcoma were reviewed and categorized into 3 pathologic types based on the related literatures, i.e., low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS), undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma with nuclear uniformity (UES-U) and undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma with nuclear pleomorphism (UES-P). Meanwhile, the pathologic features were reviewed, including fibroid, myoid, mucoid, and epithelioid differentiation and mitotic index. Clinical and follow-up data were collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In endometrial stromal sarcoma, two or three pathologic types co-existed in one case, including 12.8% (5/39) of LGESS, 5/9 of UES-U, and 5/7 of UES-P. Mitotic index varied in different regions of one tumor from rare to high. Multi-differentiation was also commonly seen in ESS. The numbers of cases in LGESS, UES-U and UES-P were 39, 9 and 7, with recurrence rate of 51.6% (16/31), 5/6 and 2/3, respectively. There was no death case in LGESS, and 2 cases were died in UES-U and UES-P, respectively. In the 2 death cases of UES-U, both had focus of UES-P. There was a significant difference in the recurrence rate between cases with different mitotic index (≥ 10/10 HPF and < 10/10 HPF, P = 0.009), especially in LGESS group. All death cases had high mitotic index (> 30/10 HPF).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is a common phenomenon in ESS that two or three pathologic types may exist in one case, especially in UES-U and UES-P. And multi-differentiation is also commonly seen in ESS. So adequate pathologic sampling is important for pathologists to make a correct diagnosis of ESS in daily work. The recurrence rates are significantly higher in cases with high mitotic index, especially in LGESS. In addition, the presence of UES-P and high mitotic index may increase the risk of death in the patients.</p>