Effects of toothpaste containing inactivated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Probio-01 on plaque-induced gingivitis and dental plaque microbiota.

Plaque-induced gingivitis is an inflammatory response in gingival tissues resulting from bacterial plaque accumulation at the gingival margin. Postbiotics can promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and optimise the state of microbiota in the oral cavity. In this study, we investigated the effect of inactivated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Probio-01 on plaque-induced gingivitis and the dental plaque microbiota. A total of 32 healthy gingival participants (Group N, using blank toothpaste for 3 months) and 60 patients with plaque-induced gingivitis (30 in Group F, using inactivated Probio-01 toothpaste for 3 months, and 30 in Group B, using blank toothpaste for 3 months, respectively) were recruited. Clinical indices, which included bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI), were used to assess the severity of gingivitis. Furthermore, 16SrDNA amplicon sequencing was used to explore changes in the gingival state and dental plaque microbiota in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis. The results showed that inactivated Probio-01 significantly reduced clinical indices of gingivitis, including BOP, GI, and PI, in participants with plaque-induced gingivitis and effectively relieved gingival inflammation, compared with that observed in the control group (group B). Inactivated Probio-01 did not significantly influence the diversity of dental plaque microbiota, but increased the relative abundance of dental plaque core bacteria, such as Leptotrichia and Fusobacterium (P < 0.05). Strong correlations were observed between the indices and abundance of dental plaque microbiota. Overall, the inactivated Probio-01 significantly reduced the clinical indices of gingivitis and effectively improved gingival inflammation in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis. The activity of inactivated Probio-01 against plaque-induced gingivitis was possibly mediated by its ability to regulate the dental plaque microbiota, as indicated by the close correlation between the plaque microbiota and clinical indices of gingivitis.

Adsorption and aggregation of Cu2+ on carboxymethylated sugarcane bagasse: Adsorption behavior and mechanism.

Abundant biomass resources provide us with sufficient material basis, while a large amount of bio-waste is also produced and the high-value utilization of bio-waste is still highly desirable. Herein, we reported a facile one-pot fabrication approach towards efficient utilization of sugarcane bagasse via carboxymethylation to adsorb and recycle Cu2+ ions. The modified sugarcane bagasse possessed outstanding adsorption efficiency, with a maximum capacity of 263.7 mg g-1, owing to the functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, as well as aromatic structure. It was noted that the carboxymethylated sugarcane bagasse (MSB40) swelled rapidly when suffering Cu2+ ions solution, and more adsorption sites were available since the physical diffusion barrier was removed, thereby enhancing the absorption capacity. Interestingly, Cu2+ ions could induce the aggregation of MSB40 due to the Cu2+ ions compress colloid double layer, neutralizes surface charges, which benefited the following separation process. Ultimately, copper oxide was recovered and the purity reached 97.9%. Additionally, in the presence of both Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, MSB40 exhibited excellent selectivity for the adsorption of Cu2+ ions. This strategy offers a facile and novel clue for the high-value utilization of bio-waste and the recovery of copper for biomaterial and environmental applications.