ABSTRACT
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the 3 common malignant tumors in the urinary system, with high incidence, easy metastasis, poor therapeutic efficacy, and poor prognosis, which seriously threatens the health of human. Tumor cells exhibit a strong demand for iron, and iron overload can induce ferroptosis, which is an iron dependent cell death caused by lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage. Therefore, ferroptosis has strong anti-tumor potential. The molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis is associated with abnormalities in cellular phospholipid metabolism and iron metabolism, and dysregulation of antioxidant and non-antioxidant systems Xc-/glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Ferroptosis relevant molecules play important roles in the occurrence and development, metastasis, drug resistance, and immune response of BC, and are expected to become targets for the treatment of BC.
Subject(s)
Ferroptosis , Iron , Lipid Peroxidation , Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Humans , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics , Iron/metabolism , Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics , Glutathione/metabolism , Antioxidants/metabolism , Phospholipids/metabolism , Amino Acid Transport System y+/metabolism , Amino Acid Transport System y+/geneticsABSTRACT
The development of artificial enzymes with superior catalytic properties to natural enzymes has been a long-standing goal of chemists. Herein, defect-rich CoFe-layered double hydroxides (d-CoFe-LDHs) nanosheets are developed and used as superior peroxidase-like nanozymes for the detection of ascorbic acid (AA). The d-CoFe-LDHs with an average thickness of â¼3 nm and a lateral size of â¼20 nm are synthesized through rapid nucleation in a colloid mill, which exhibited abundant unsaturated sites (oxygen vacancies and cobalt vacancies). Impressively, d-CoFe-LDHs exhibited excellent peroxidase-mimicking performance with strong substrate affinity and robustness in a wide pH range. Density functional theory calculations show that d-CoFe-LDHs have lower H2O2 adsorption energy, which promotes the decomposition of H2O2, thereby improving the catalytic activity. The chromogenic system of d-CoFe-LDHs and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine can be used to accurately detect the content of AA, and the detection limit is about 3.6 µM. This study opens up a new approach for the construction of highly active defective LDH peroxidases for the detection of biomolecules.
Subject(s)
Ascorbic Acid , Peroxidase , Peroxidase/chemistry , Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry , Peroxidases , Hydroxides/chemistry , Coloring AgentsABSTRACT
Background: Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is an effective treatment for testicular tumors. In recent years, with the development of robotics, many urological procedures performed via standard laparoscopy have been replaced by robots. Our objective was to compare the safety and efficacy of robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (R-RPLND) versus Non-robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (NR-RPLND) in testicular cancer. Methods: Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for literature on robotic surgery for testicular germ cell tumors up to April 2023. The statistical and sensitivity analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3. Meta-analysis was performed to calculate mean difference (MD), odds ratio(OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) effect indicators. Results: Eight studies with 3875 patients were finally included in this study, 453 with R-RPLND and 3422 with open retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (O-RPLND)/laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (L-RPLND). The results showed that R-RPLND had lower rates of intraoperative blood loss (MD = -436.39; 95% CI -707.60 to -165.19; P = 0.002), transfusion (OR = 0.06; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.26; P = 0.0001), total postoperative complication rates (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.70; P = 0.002), and length of stay (MD=-3.74; 95% CI -4.69 to -2.78; P<0.00001). In addition, there were no statistical differences between the two groups regarding perioperative and oncological outcomes regarding total operative time, the incidence of postoperative complications grade≥III, abnormal ejaculation rate, lymph node yield, and postoperative recurrence rate. Conclusions: The R-RPLND and O-RPLND/L-RPLND provide safe and effective retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer. Patients with R-RPLND have less intraoperative bleeding, shorter hospitalization period, fewer postoperative complications, and faster recovery. It should be considered a viable alternative to O-RPLND/L-RPLND. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023411696.
