Esophagotomy in a domestic fowl: a rare case report.

BACKGROUND: Foreign body in esophagus in birds is rarely reported in literature. Most common site of foreign body in birds is proventriculus and ventriculus. The purpose of this study is to discuss the diagnosis of a large sharp foreign body in the distal third of the neck by plain radiography and its retrieval through esophagotomy and subsequent survival of the fowl. CASE DESCRIPTION: An Aseel breed of domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) was referred to the surgery department with a history of swelling in the neck and subsequent anorexia since 24 h, but normal water intake. Radiological examination revealed a large fish bone in esophagus. Because of the sharp edges of the foreign body esophagotomy was performed rather than per os (po) retrieval or milking of the foreign body into the crop and performing an ingluviotomy. FINDINGS/TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Esophagotomy was performed under local infiltration using a diluted solution of lignocaine. Fish bone pieces were retrieved from the esophagus of the fowl. The esophagotomy incision was closed in two layers using polyglactin 910 no: 3-0. Postoperatively, the owner was advised to administer Enrofloxacin po at 10 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day for seven days and Tramadol (10 mg/kg BW, BID) for three days in water. This case was followed up for 8 months. There were no complications noticed by the owner. CONCLUSION: It could be concluded that prompt intervention and surgical management may be necessary for retrieval of sharp esophageal foreign bodies lodged in the distal cervical esophagus of domestic fowl.

Isolation, proliferation, characterization and in vivo osteogenic potential of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSC) in rabbit model.

Information on isolation, characterization of rabbit MSC and its evaluation in critical bone defect (CSD) is scarcely available. Here, we attempted to isolate, proliferate, differentiate, characterize and evaluate the in vivo osteogenic potential of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) collected from New Zealand White rabbits. They were isolated and proliferated in antibiotic supplemented DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's media). Osteogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) was induced by osteogenic supplements and evaluated by alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase activity assay and characterized by specific CD surface antigen markers through FACS (Fluorescent activated cell shorting) and RT-PCR. Day '0' cells were round/oval and floating, and on day 3-5, cell attachment with spindle/polygonal/star morphology was seen. On subsequent passages, they assumed uniform spindle shaped morphology. After culturing in respective differentiation media rBMSCs showed increased alkaline phosphatase activity, intense alizarin red staining, blue staining for Alcian blue and deep red colour on oil red O staining supporting the osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation ability. In vivo osteogenic potential of rBMSCs was evaluated in a 30 mm critical sized defect of rabbit radius. The cellular morphology of plastic adherent cells was seen as single cell form in P0 and in P1, P2 and P3, as elongated/spindle-shape in clusters. The rBMSCs were positive for CD44, CD73 and CD105 and negative for CD34 and CD45 and could differentiate to osteogenic cells in osteogenic induction media. The in vivo experiments in rabbit CSD model confirmed that rBMSCs promote faster healing of critical size defects. Hence, we may suggest that rBMSCs are suitable for bone formation in fracture healing and non-union.

Caesarean in mare by Marcenac incision under local anaesthesia.

A nulliparous non-descript mare was presented with a complaint of dystocia. The mare was recumbent and physical examination revealed that the animal was in shock. There was no straining and foetal forelimbs were visible outside the vulva. The foetus was dead as there was no pedal reflex. Vaginal examination revealed anterior presentation with dorso-sacral position and rigid lateral head deviation. Pre-operatively, the mare was given 5 ml Tetanus toxoid and 3 g Ceftriaxone as intramuscular injection, and 5 ml Dexamethasone in 15 L of 5% Dextrose Normal Saline (DNS) as intravenous (i/v) infusion. As pelvic space was inadequate and the mal posture was not correctable, manual correction or foetotomy could not be attempted and therefore caesarean section was planned. Condition of the animal warranted the use of local anaesthetic infiltration instead of general anesthesia. Post-operative care included intravenous fluids, anti-inflammatory/analgesics and daily antiseptic dressing. The owner reported uneventful recovery. The authors would like to conclude the case as a rare emergency caesarean in equine where the surgery was done with animal in lateral recumbency employing a Marcenac incision under local anaesthesia.