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1.
RSC Adv ; 14(29): 20898-20907, 2024 Jun 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38957583

ABSTRACT

Various visible-light-driven photocatalysts have been studied for practical applications in photocatalytic wastewater treatment via solar irradiation. Among them, g-C3N4 has attractive features, including its metal-free and environmentally friendly nature; however, it is prone to charge recombination and has low photocatalytic activity. To solve these problems, isotype heterojunction g-C3N4 was recently developed; however, the methods employed for synthesis suffered from limited reproducibility and efficiency. In this study, isotype heterojunction g-C3N4 was synthesized from various combinations of precursor materials using a planetary ball mill. The isotype heterojunction g-C3N4 synthesized from urea and thiourea showed the highest photocatalytic activity and completely decolorized Rhodamine B (RhB; 10 ppm) in 15 min under visible-light irradiation. Furthermore, to improve recyclability, isotype heterojunction g-C3N4 was immobilized in alginate hydrogel spheres. The isotype heterojunction g-C3N4/alginate hydrogel beads were used in 10 repeated RhB degradation experiments and were able to maintain their initial photocatalytic activity and mechanical strength. These achievements represent an advance towards practical, sustainable photocatalytic wastewater treatment.

2.
Biomolecules ; 13(5)2023 04 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37238588

ABSTRACT

Psychological stress plays a major role in depression, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) is elevated during depression and psychological stress. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, suppress mRNA expression in other cells when endocytosed. In this study, we analyzed the effect of IL-6 on EVs secreted by neural precursor cells. Cells from the human immortalized neural precursor cell line LUHMES were treated with IL-6. EVs were collected using a nanofiltration method. We then analyzed the uptake of LUHMES-derived EVs by astrocytes (ACs) and microglia (MG). Microarray analysis of miRNAs was performed using EV-incorporated RNA and intracellular RNA from ACs and MG to search for increased numbers of miRNAs. We applied the miRNAs to ACs and MG, and examined the cells for suppressed mRNAs. IL-6 increased several miRNAs in the EVs. Three of these miRNAs were originally low in ACs and MG (hsa-miR-135a-3p, hsa-miR-6790-3p, and hsa-miR-11399). In ACs and MG, hsa-miR-6790-3p and hsa-miR-11399 suppressed four mRNAs involved in nerve regeneration (NREP, KCTD12, LLPH, and CTNND1). IL-6 altered the types of miRNAs in EVs derived from neural precursor cells, by which mRNAs involved in nerve regeneration were decreased in ACs and MG. These findings provide new insights into the involvement of IL-6 in stress and depression.


Subject(s)
Extracellular Vesicles , MicroRNAs , Neural Stem Cells , Humans , MicroRNAs/genetics , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Interleukin-6/genetics , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Microglia/metabolism , Astrocytes/metabolism , Neural Stem Cells/metabolism , Extracellular Vesicles/genetics , Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
3.
Water Sci Technol ; 87(3): 527-538, 2023 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36789701

ABSTRACT

The high content of nitrogen in wastewater brings some operational, technical, and economical issues in conventional technologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen removal by hybrid hydrogels containing consortium microalgae-nitrifying bacteria in the presence of activated carbon (AC) used as an adsorbent of inhibitory substances. Hybrid hydrogels were synthesized from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), biomass (microalgae-nitrifying bacteria), and AC. The hybrid hydrogels were evaluated based on the change in ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3), and chemical demand of oxygen (COD) concentrations, nitrification rate, and other parameters during 72 h. Results indicated that NH4 removal was more effective for hydrogels without AC than with AC, without significant differences regarding consortium biomass concentration (5 or 16%), presenting final concentrations of 3.13 and 3.75 mg NH4/L for hydrogels with 5 and 16% of the biomass, respectively. Regarding NO3 production, hydrogels without AC reached concentrations of 25.9 and 39.77 mg NO3/L for 5 and 16% of the biomass, respectively, while treatments with AC ended with 2.17 and 1.37 mg NO3/L. This confirms that hydrogels can carry out the nitrification process and do not need AC to remove potential inhibitors. The best performance was observed for the hydrogel with 5% of biomass without AC with a nitrification rate of 0.43 mg N/g TSS·h.


Subject(s)
Microalgae , Wastewater , Denitrification , Nitrogen/analysis , Nitrification , Bacteria , Biomass
4.
J Occup Health ; 64(1): e12323, 2022 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35384178

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether a fan-attached jacket (FAJ) may mitigate the heat strain in hot or humid environment. METHODS: Nine healthy men engaged in 60-min sessions on a bicycle ergometer (4 metabolic equivalents [METs] workload) in hot-dry (40°C and 30% relative humidity) and warm-humid (30°C and 85% relative humidity) environments. Both are equivalent to an approximately 29°C wet-bulb globe temperature. The experiment was repeated-once wearing an ordinal jacket (control condition) and once wearing a long-sleeve FAJ that transfers ambient air at a flow rate of 12 L/s (FAJ condition)-in both environments. RESULTS: Increases in core temperatures in hot-dry environment were not statistically different between control and FAJ; however, that in the warm-humid environment were significantly different between control and FAJ (0.96 ± 0.10°C and 0.71 ± 0.11°C in rectal temperature, P < .0001; and 0.94 ± 0.09°C and 0.61 ± 0.09°C in esophageal temperature, P < .0001). Changes in heart rate were different between control and FAJ in both environments (62 ± 3 bpm and 47 ± 7 bpm, P < .0001 in hot-dry environment; and 61 ± 3 bpm and 46 ± 5 bpm, P < .0001 in the warm-humid environment) and decrease of %weight change was different in hot-dry environment (1.59 ± 0.12% and 1.25 ± 0.05%, P = .0039), but not in the warm-humid environment. CONCLUSIONS: Wearing a FAJ may mitigate heat strain both in hot or humid environments.


Subject(s)
Body Temperature Regulation , Hot Temperature , Body Temperature , Heart Rate , Humans , Humidity , Male , Temperature
5.
Chemosphere ; 297: 134252, 2022 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35271892

ABSTRACT

The consortium of microalgae and nitrifying bacteria has attracted attention owing to its advantages, such as energy- and cost-efficiency in terms of using only light irradiation without aeration. However, high light intensity can easily cause photoinhibition of nitrifying bacteria, resulting in process breakdown of the consortium. This challenge limits its practical application in outdoor environment. In a previous study, we developed a "light-shielding hydrogel" which entrapped nitrifying bacteria in carbon black-added alginate hydrogel beads and confirmed its effectiveness of protecting the nitrifying bacteria from intense light up to 1600 µmol photons m-2 s-1. However, the applicability of the light-shielding hydrogel to microalgae-nitrifying bacteria consortia under strong light irradiation has not yet been clarified. In this study, we aimed to establish consortia of Chlorella sorokiniana and nitrifying bacteria immobilised in light-shielding hydrogel and evaluate their nitrification performance under strong light. Three nitrifying bacteria conditions were used: light-shielding hydrogel, hydrogel containing only nitrifying bacteria without carbon black ('hydrogel'), and dispersed nitrifier without immobilisation ('dispersion') as a control. At 1600 µmol photons m-2 s-1, the dispersion afforded a significant decrease in nitrification activity and subsequent process breakdown. In contrast, light-shielding hydrogel achieved complete nitrification without nitrite accumulation and had nitrification rates of approximately nine and two times higher than those for the dispersion and hydrogel conditions, respectively. Based on the overall evaluation, a possible sequence of process breakdown under strong light was also proposed. This study demonstrated for the first time that the light-shielding hydrogel/consortia combination had potential for applications, which require mitigation of photoinhibition under strong light irradiation. Further, it is expected that the proposed method will contribute to realise the practical application of microalgae-nitrifying bacteria consortia in various countries that experience high sunlight intensity due to their location in the sunbelt areas.


Subject(s)
Chlorella , Microalgae , Ammonia/metabolism , Bacteria/metabolism , Bioreactors/microbiology , Chlorella/metabolism , Hydrogels , Microalgae/metabolism , Nitrification , Soot
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