ABSTRACT
A red-light-activated phthalocyanine ruthenium complex has been designed as a catalyst for the bifunctionalization of styrene derivatives. The combination of a trifluoromethylation agent resistant to nucleophiles and various nucleophiles facilitates the concurrent incorporation of a trifluoromethyl group and various functional groups onto the double bond of the substrate. This reaction demonstrates the utility of mild, low-energy, and highly transmissive long-wavelength light for intricate molecular transformations in a one-pot procedure.
ABSTRACT
Several bacteria can reduce tellurate into the less toxic elemental tellurium, but the genes responsible for this process have not yet been identified. In this study, we screened the Keio collection of single-gene knockouts of Escherichia coli responsible for decreased tellurate reduction and found that deletions of 29 genes, including those for molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis, iron-sulphur biosynthesis, and the twin-arginine translocation pathway resulted in decreased tellurate reduction. Among the gene knockouts, deletions of nsrR, moeA, yjbB, ynbA, ydaS and yidH affected tellurate reduction more severely than those of other genes. Based on our findings, we determined that the ynfEF genes, which code for the components of the selenate reductase YnfEFGH, are responsible for tellurate reduction. Assays of several molybdoenzymes in the knockouts suggested that nsrR, yjbB, ynbA, ydaS and yidH are essential for the activities of molybdoenzymes in E. coli. Furthermore, we found that the nitric oxide sensor NsrR positively regulated the transcription of the Moco biosynthesis gene moeA. These findings provided new insights into the complexity and regulation of Moco biosynthesis in E. coli.
Subject(s)
DNA-Binding Proteins , Escherichia coli Proteins , Escherichia coli , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Oxidoreductases , Sulfurtransferases , Transcription Factors , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics , Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism , Oxidoreductases/biosynthesis , Oxidoreductases/genetics , Sulfurtransferases/genetics , Sulfurtransferases/metabolism , Transcription Factors/genetics , Transcription Factors/metabolismABSTRACT
The novel synthesis of monodisperse magnetite Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles of varying sizes using a solventless synthetic method was developed. Iron salt was treated in excess oleylamine and oleic acid as ligands. The effect of the reaction temperature and time on the particle size was investigated and the particle sizes were easily tuned from 5.3 to 20.4 nm by changing the reaction temperature and time.
