ABSTRACT
To determine the effect of long-distance (approximately 600 km) road transportation on the blood biochemistry of laboratory animals, we investigated the changes in serum biochemical parameters in healthy cynomolgus monkeys and beagle dogs transported by truck from Osaka to Tsukuba, Japan. The concentrations of serum cortisol, total bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase in monkeys increased during transportation. Serum cortisol and total bilirubin levels in dogs also increased during transportation, but serum triglyceride decreased. Serum parameter values in truck-transported monkeys and dogs returned to baseline levels within two weeks following arrival. Taken together, these results suggest that a two-week acclimation period is the minimum duration required for adaptation following road transportation.
Subject(s)
Dogs/blood , Macaca fascicularis/blood , Transportation , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Bilirubin/blood , Dogs/physiology , Hydrocortisone/blood , Macaca fascicularis/physiology , Male , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To date, more than 100 mutations of NR5A1 have been reported; however, mutations affecting the splice site are rare, with only two reported mutations. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the c.870+3_6delGAGT splice mutation of NR5A1 through molecular analyses. RESULTS: The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) study revealed that c.870+3_6delGAGT resulted in p.A82fs*95. Mutant NR5A1 showed a reduced transactivation on the CYP11A1 and STAR promoters without a dominant negative effect. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the NR5A1 splice site mutation, which was proven to be deleterious by the RT-PCR method.
Subject(s)
Hypospadias/genetics , Mutation , RNA Splice Sites , Steroidogenic Factor 1/genetics , Adult , Humans , Hypospadias/metabolism , Hypospadias/pathology , Male , Steroidogenic Factor 1/biosynthesisABSTRACT
The anesthetic effect of a combination of medetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol (Me-Mi-Bu) was evaluated in healthy cynomolgus monkeys. The Me-Mi-Bu combination was intramuscularly administered as follows: Dose 1, Me 0.015 mg/kg-Mi 0.1 mg/kg-Bu 0.15 mg/kg; Dose 2, Me 0.02 mg/kg-Mi 0.15 mg/kg-Bu 0.2 mg/kg; and Dose 3, Me 0.04 mg/kg-Mi 0.3 mg/kg-Bu 0.4 mg/kg. The combination rapidly induced immobilization, and lateral recumbency was reached within 15 min. The duration of anesthesia for each dose administered was follows: Dose 1, 47 ± 27 min; Dose 2, 113 ± 31 min; and Dose 3, 190 ± 24 min. The anesthetic effect of the combination was abolished by the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole. No marked changes in the levels of hematologic or serum biochemical parameters were noted in cynomolgus monkeys administered the combination plus atipamezole. Taken together, these results suggest that the Me-Mi-Bu combination exhibits reversible anesthetic effect and may be useful for studies involving cynomolgus monkeys.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia/veterinary , Anesthetics, Combined/pharmacology , Anesthetics/pharmacology , Butorphanol/pharmacology , Macaca fascicularis/physiology , Medetomidine/pharmacology , Midazolam/pharmacology , Anesthetics, Combined/administration & dosage , Animals , Butorphanol/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Injections, Intramuscular/veterinary , Medetomidine/administration & dosage , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Here, to determine the effects of transport stress on blood parameters in dogs, we investigated the changes in hematologic and serum chemical parameters in healthy beagle dogs transported from Beijing, China, to Osaka, Japan, to obtain the background data. Only the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase increased clearly upon arrival, a change attributed to transport stress, but the activity gradually reduced afterward. No marked changes in levels of other blood parameters were noted. Our findings here suggest that alkaline phosphatase is a useful tool for studying transport stress.
