ABSTRACT
An Escherichia coli type III secretion system 2 (ETT2) locus was discovered in enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7. To determine presence or absence of the ETT2 locus in diarrheagenic E. coli, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) encoding Shiga toxins (stx1 and stx2), intimin (eaeA), and ETT2 (etrA) was developed for rapid detection. The ETT2 locus was identified not only in Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) but also in various non-STEC.
Subject(s)
Diarrhea/microbiology , Escherichia coli O157/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Escherichia coli O157/isolation & purification , Genes, Bacterial , HumansABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To validate the efficacy of Fourier transform-based spectral retinal imaging (SRI) in quantifying retinal ischemia. DESIGN: Prospective, observational case series. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eleven eyes of 10 patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and 4 fellow unaffected eyes of selected patients were examined by both fluorescein angiography and SRI. The fluorescein angiograms were correlated with oxygen saturation maps that were calculated from the SRI. RESULTS: Oxygen saturation levels in the fundus were shown as color grading in 35 degrees fundus images processed by SRI. This grading correlated well with the severity of CRVO, as estimated by fluorescein angiography. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of circulatory disturbances in CRVO may be graded by applying SRI.
Subject(s)
Ischemia/physiopathology , Oxygen/blood , Retinal Vein Occlusion/physiopathology , Retinal Vessels/physiopathology , Blood Flow Velocity , Fluorescein Angiography , Fourier Analysis , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Interferometry , Ischemia/diagnosis , Light , Prospective Studies , Regional Blood Flow , Retinal Vein Occlusion/diagnosisABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the characteristics of residual fundus fluorescence observed in the ultra-late phase of indocyanine green (ICG) angiography, in normal subjects and in patients with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). METHODS: ICG angiography was performed on 38 patients, 21 had ARMD, 9 were normal subjects aged >62, and 8 were normal subjects aged <36. The intensity and pattern of fluorescence from angiograms obtained in the ultra-late phase, 24 hours after dye injection, was also recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: In the ultra-late phase, 95% of ARMD eyes with CNV showed geographic hypofluorescent lesions. All of the CNV that could be delineated with fluorescein and/or ICG angiography were located in these geographic lesions. In 73% of ARMD eyes without CNV, these hypofluorescent lesions occurred, while age-matched normal subjects had no hypofluorescent lesions. The mean intensity of fluorescence in the normal older subject group was significantly higher than that seen in the normal young subject group. CONCLUSIONS: Increased fluorescence, associated with older subjects, in the ultra-late phase of ICG angiography may reflect aging changes in the chorioretinal complex. Geographic hypofluorescent areas, demonstrated only in the ultra-late phase, associate with ARMD and may represent areas predisposed to CNV development.
