ABSTRACT
Renal ultrasonography was compared with intravenous pyelography in order to establish the suitability and accuracy of the former investigation as a screening method for ureteric obstruction in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix. With a sensitivity of 96.30%, specificity of 96.75%, a positive predictive value of 87.64% and a negative predictive value of 99.09% calculated on a large sample of 420 kidneys, it is recommended that renal ultrasonography is the method of choice in screening for ureteric obstruction in patients with cervical cancer. At the very least it is a suitable and equivalent alternative to intravenous pyelography in such patients.
Subject(s)
Kidney/diagnostic imaging , Ureteral Obstruction/diagnosis , Urography , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/complications , Female , Humans , Ultrasonography , Ureteral Obstruction/etiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Between 1978 and 1982, 88 patients were treated with radiotherapy at the University of the Witwatersrand Hospitals for carcinoma of the bladder. They were followed up for evidence of cystitis (i.e. frequency, urgency, nocturia, dysuria, haematuria). Those with persistent symptoms underwent cystoscopy. Biopsies were taken of areas suspicious of residual or recurrent tumour. The total incidence of late bladder complications was 11 (12,5%). Of these 11 patients, 6 had persistent or recurrent tumour. The implications of this are discussed.
Subject(s)
Cystitis/etiology , Radiation Injuries/etiology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Female , Humans , Male , Radiotherapy/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Our experience with germ cell tumours of the ovary is reviewed. Over the last 10 years, 15 cases, representing 6,4% of all our referred patients with malignant ovarian tumours, have been analysed. The type of tumour, histological appearances, stage, treatment and results of treatment are presented. The tumour most commonly seen was the dysgerminoma, comprising 60% of all cases (9 patients). Multimodal treatment generally consisted of surgery and radiotherapy for dysgerminoma with the addition of chemotherapy for the non-dysgerminomas. Survival depends on the stage and histological appearances of the tumour. Patients in whom the disease is at advanced stages have a poor prognosis, irrespective of histological features. A general review of this subject is also given.
Subject(s)
Dysgerminoma/therapy , Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Child , Combined Modality Therapy , Dysgerminoma/radiotherapy , Dysgerminoma/surgery , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Ovarian Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery , Prognosis , Teratoma/drug therapy , Teratoma/surgery , Teratoma/therapyABSTRACT
A conservative approach to the management of breast cancer is gaining acceptance. The evidence from many retrospective and prospective studies indicates that breast-preserving surgery and radiation therapy give results equal to those of mastectomy. Relapse affecting the breast alone has been shown not to be detrimental to survival, while the psychological benefits to the patients have been gratifying. A prospective study of early breast cancer treated by conservative surgery and radiation was commenced at the Johannesburg Hospital in 1980. The results in 57 patients are reported. So far there have been 2 cases of local recurrence. In the majority of cases satisfactory cosmetic results were achieved. It is considered that lumpectomy with axillary dissection to establish nodal status followed by irradiation is the treatment of choice for stage I and II carcinoma of the breast.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Breast/surgery , Adult , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
These 2 case reports serve to emphasize two important points concerning carcinoma of the cervix: (i) blood-borne metastases are now frequently encountered in this disease; and (ii) in selected cases surgical excision of a secondary deposit in the lung is the treatment of choice and may even result in cure.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Adult , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Shoulder Joint/abnormalities , Shoulder/abnormalities , Bone Diseases, Developmental/diagnosis , Child , Child, Preschool , Clavicle/abnormalities , Clavicle/diagnostic imaging , Cleidocranial Dysplasia/diagnosis , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Contracture/congenital , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Humerus/abnormalities , Male , Paralysis/complications , Pseudarthrosis/congenital , Pseudarthrosis/diagnostic imaging , Radiography , Scapula/abnormalities , Scapula/diagnostic imaging , Shoulder Dislocation/congenitalABSTRACT
Most patients with obstetrical paralysis have some useful functional return, and early recognition and treatment help prevent rapidly developing shoulder contractures. Initial physical therapy includes passive range of motion exercises. Fixed contractures must be released prior to reconstructive surgery designed to improve funtion. An approach to the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of obstetrical paralysis is given.
