ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine national reference values for the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II) across occupational sectors and develop a composite score to estimate the cumulative effect of multiple work-related stressors, in order to facilitate the implementation of occupational health directives on psychosocial risk assessment. METHOD: Cross-sectional data was collected via an online questionnaire. The sample included 13,104 individuals and was representative of the general Hungarian adult working population in terms of gender, age, education, and occupation. Mean scores were calculated for 18 scales on work environment and for 5 outcome scales of the COPSOQ II across 18 occupational sectors. We analyzed the association between a composite psychosocial risk score (CPRS), reflecting severity of exposure to multiple risk factors, and high stress, burnout, sleep troubles, and poor self-rated health. RESULTS: We found occupation-related differences in the mean scores on all COPSOQ II scales. Scores on the "Stress" scale ranged from 47.9 to 56.2, with the highest mean score in accommodation and food services sector. Variability was greatest with respect to emotional demands (range 40.3-67.6) and smallest with respect to role clarity (range 70.3-75.7). The prevalence of negative health outcomes increased with the CPRS. Five risk categories were formed, for which the odds ratio of negative outcomes ranged from 1.6 to 56.5. CONCLUSION: The sector-specific psychosocial risk profiles covering 18 work environmental factors can be used as a reference in organizational surveys and international comparisons. The CPRS proved to be a powerful predictor of self-reported negative health outcomes.
Subject(s)
Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Occupational Health , Workplace/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Emotions , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupations , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Depression and burnout are frequent comorbidities among nurses. Despite similar symptoms, their management differ. Therefore, their timely diagnosis is essential. AIM: To identify demographic and work-related risk and protective factors of burnout and depression, and facilitate their diagnosis. METHOD: A cross-sectional study among 1,713 nurses was carried out. Depression and burnout were assessed by the shortened Beck Depression Questionnaire and Maclach Burnout Inventory, respectively. Risk and protective factors were explored using t-tests and analysis of variance. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression and moderate-to-high burnout was 35.1% and 34-74%, respectively. Having a partner/child and longer employment in the outpatient setting protected from burnout. Lack of a partner and male sex emerged as risk factors of depression and depersonalisation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of depression and burnout among nurses poses a significant public health issue. Familiarity with the disease-specific risk and protective factors identified in this research may facilitate timely diagnosis and effective disease management.
Subject(s)
Burnout, Professional/diagnosis , Burnout, Professional/etiology , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/etiology , Nurses/psychology , Nurses/statistics & numerical data , Workplace/psychology , Adult , Age Factors , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Burnout, Professional/prevention & control , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depersonalization/epidemiology , Depersonalization/etiology , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/prevention & control , Emotions , Female , Humans , Hungary/epidemiology , Male , Marital Status , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Self Report , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Factors , Sexual Partners , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time FactorsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Research has shown that psychosocial stress acts as a risk factor for mental disorders. AIM: The present study aims at processing the preliminary results of the Hungarian Survey of Work Stress, concerning the relationship between depressive symptoms and work stress. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey among Hungarian workers was carried out (n = 1058, 27.5% man, 72.5% woman, age 37.2 years, SD = 11 years). Psychosocial factors were measured using the COPSOQ II questionnaire, while BDI-9 was used for the assessment of depressive symptoms. Statistical analysis was carried out applying Spearman's correlation and logistic regression. RESULTS: A quarter of the workers reported moderate or severe symptoms of depression (BDI≥19). The study confirmed the association between depressive symptoms and work-family conflict (OR = 2.21, CI: 1.82-2.68), possibilities for development (OR = 0.76, CI: 0.59-0.97) meaning of work (OR = 0.69, CI: 0.59-0.89) and commitment (OR = 0.60, CI: 0.47-0.78). CONCLUSION: The results point toward the need of such organizational measures that allow for the reduction of psychosocial stress.
Subject(s)
Conflict, Psychological , Depression/etiology , Employment/psychology , Stress, Psychological/complications , Workplace/psychology , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/psychology , Family/psychology , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Hungary/epidemiology , Job Satisfaction , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Occupations/statistics & numerical data , Regression Analysis , Risk Factors , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Effective management and prevention of widespread burnout among medical students in Hungary require thorough understanding of its relations to coping strategies, which lacks sufficient data. AIM: To explore the prevalence of burnout and its relations to coping strategies among medical students. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with 292 participants. Burnout was assessed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey. Coping strategies were evaluated by the Folkman-Lazarus Ways of Coping Questionnaire and questions about health-maintenance behaviours. Associations between burnout and coping strategies were explored with linear regression analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of high-level burnout was 25-56%. Both problem-focused coping and support-seeking were protective factors of exhaustion and cynicism, however, they predicted reduced personal accomplishment. Emotion-focused coping predicted exhaustion and cynicism and correlated negatively with reduced personal accomplishment. Health-maintenance behaviours were protective factors for exhaustion and predicted reduced personal accomplishment. CONCLUSIONS: Deployment of coping strategies that target the most prevalent burnout dimension may improve effective management of burnout.
