ABSTRACT
Health is an important motivation for the consumption of both organic and functional foods. The aim of this study was to clarify to what extent the consumption of organic and functional foods are characterized by a healthier lifestyle and a higher level of well-being. Moreover, the influence of social desirability on the respondents' response behavior was of interest and was also analyzed. Well-being and health was measured in a sample of 555 German consumers at two levels: the cognitive-emotional and the behavioral level. The results show that although health is an important aspect for both functional food and organic food consumption, these two forms of consumption were influenced by different understandings of health: organic food consumption is influenced by an overall holistic healthy lifestyle including a healthy diet and sport, while functional food consumption is characterized by small "adjustments" to lifestyle to enhance health and to increase psychological well-being. An overlap between the consumption of organic and functional food was also observed. This study provides information which enables a better characterization of the consumption of functional food and organic food in terms of well-being and health.
Subject(s)
Attitude to Health , Diet , Feeding Behavior , Food Preferences , Food, Organic , Functional Food , Life Style , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Health , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Studies analyzing psychotherapy efficacy from the perspective of the different persons involved in the therapeutic process are lacking in the evaluation of psychotherapy outcome with children and adolescents. METHODS: Treatment efficacy of 28 long-term treatments with adolescents were analyzed from the perspective of the afflicted adolescents, their parents, and their therapist. Assessments were made three times over a mean frequency of 113 h. RESULTS: Therapy group (n = 28) and waiting group (n = 32) did not differ in relevant features, including diagnosis. In the therapy group, the therapists reported a strong reduction in symptomatology (η(2 )= .62) and communicative disturbances with parents, siblings and friends (η(2 )= .57) over time. Adolescents and parents reported a significant reduction in symptomatology (η(2 )= .26) over time, but did not differ in their evaluation of treatment effectiveness. The diagnosis (internalizing vs. externalizing disturbances) had no impact on the evaluation of treatment effectiveness of adolescents and parents. CONCLUSIONS: Psychotherapy should include the different perspectives of all persons involved.
Subject(s)
Long-Term Care , Mental Disorders/therapy , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Patient Satisfaction , Psychoanalytic Therapy/methods , Adolescent , Communication , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Germany , Humans , Internal-External Control , Male , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/psychology , Observer Variation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Firstly, essential developmental aspects of the focused periods of life, namely childhood and adolescence, are discussed. Furthermore, different issues of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence are highlighted. Besides the definition and the assessment, possibilities of classification and epidemiological aspects are of interest. Physical and psychiatric consequences, which can be associated with obesity are also presented. In the context of a model of multifactorial genesis of obesity, different causing and maintaining factors are described. In addition to genetic and biological risk factors, the significance of several psychosocial factors is illustrated. Finally, the focus is on the therapy of obesity in childhood and adolescence.
