Cation Vacancies in Feroxyhyte Nanosheets toward Fast Kinetics in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted extensive attention owing to their environmental friendliness, abundant reserves, high specific discharge capacity, and energy density. The shuttling effect and sluggish redox reactions confine the practical application of Li-S batteries. Exploring the new catalyst activation principle plays a key role in restraining polysulfide shuttling and improving conversion kinetics. In this respect, vacancy defects have been demonstrated to enhance the polysulfide adsorption and catalytic ability. However, inducing active defects has been mostly created by anion vacancies. In this work, an advanced polysulfide immobilizer and catalytic accelerator is developed by proposing FeOOH nanosheets with rich Fe vacancies (FeVs). The work provides a new strategy for the rational design and facile fabrication of cation vacancies to improve the performance of Li-S batteries.

Network-Based Online Survey Exploring Self-Reported Depression Among University and College Students During the Early Days of the COVID-19 Outbreak.

Background: The psychology of university and college students is immature, they are thus more likely to suffer from depression due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to investigate the self-reported depression status of Chinese university and college students and explore its influencing factors. Methods: We conducted a network-based online survey, and a total of 17,876 participants completed the questionnaire. Depression was measured by the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic analysis were performed to explore the influencing factors of self-reported depression symptoms. Results: The proportion of self-reported depression symptoms, mild self-reported depression symptoms, and moderate to severe (M/S) self-reported depression symptoms was 65.2, 53.7, and 11.5%, respectively. The mean score of self-reported depression was 54.8 ± 9.0. Female, personality type of partial introversion, junior college educational level, "moderate" or "high" self-perceived risk of infection, "moderately" or "highly" impacted by the outbreak, and being eager to go back to school were risk factors for M/S self-reported depression symptoms (p < 0.05). While, "moderate" or "high" concern about the outbreak, "moderate" or "high" satisfaction with pandemic prevention and control measures, and having health literacy on communicable diseases were protective factors for M/S self-reported depression symptoms (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The status of self-reported depression symptoms among university and college students was severer than expected, and the influencing factors were multifaceted. Government and school administrators should strengthen the dissemination of knowledge on disease prevention and control. Moreover, much attention should be paid to female and junior college students.

Online-Based Survey on College Students' Anxiety During COVID-19 Outbreak.

PURPOSE: Studies have suggested that public health emergencies can have many psychological effects on college students, therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate current situation of college students' anxiety and its determinants in the time of an unexpected pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted convenience sampling to collect the data through network-based online questionnaires in February 2020, a total of 17,876 college students were included in the analysis. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic were used to identify the associations between the outbreak experiences and anxiety detection. RESULTS: This study found that detection rate of anxiety among college students was 18.2%. The differences in male students, students whose self-perceived risk of infection were high, who were greatly affected by the outbreak, eager to go back to school, reluctant to leave home and stay at home enough were of statistical significance among different anxiety level (OR>1, P<0.05). And the severe anxiety rate of students who living in cities was significantly higher (2.337[1.468, 3.721]). CONCLUSION: Although our results show that anxiety among college students was at a low level, various universities should focus on the online activities and develop appropriate epidemic management plans to prevent their feelings of worry, tension and panic.

The impact of outdoor air pollutants on outpatient visits for respiratory diseases during 2012-2016 in Jinan, China.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the associations between outdoor air pollution and outpatient visits for respiratory diseases (RDs) in general population. METHODS: We collected daily outpatient data of primary RDs from five hospitals in Jinan during January 2012 and December 2016, as well as daily measurements of air pollutants from the Jinan Environmental Monitoring Center and daily meteorological variables from the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System. A generalized additive model (GAM) with quasi-Poisson regression was constructed to estimate the associations between daily average concentrations of outdoor air pollutants (PM2.5,PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3) and daily outpatient visits of RDs after adjusting for long-time trends, seasonality, the "day of the week" effect, and weather conditions. Subgroup analysis stratified by gender, age group and the type of RDs was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 1,373,658 outpatient visits for RDs were identified. Increases of 10 µg/m3 in PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO and O3 were associated with0.168% (95% CI, 0.072-0.265%), 0.149% (95% CI, 0.082-0.215%), 0.527% (95% CI, 0.211-0.843%), 0.013% (95% CI, 0.003-0.023%), and 0.189% (95% CI, 0.032-0.347%) increases in daily outpatient visits for RDs, respectively. PM2.5 and PM10 showed instant and continuous effects, while NO2, CO and O3 showed delayed effects on outpatient visits for RDs. In stratification analysis, PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with acute RDs only. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to outdoor air pollutants including PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO and O3 associated with increased risk of outpatient visits for RDs.

Early infant feeding practices in Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.

To investigate early infant feeding practices in Jinan, China, a cross-sectional study was carried out in April-May 2000. Data were collected through structured interviews among nearly all the mother-infant pairs (247) in four communities in the city with infants under seven months of age. All but one was born in a hospital and rooming-in (infant sleeping in same room as mother) was widely practiced. Breastfeeding was practiced universally, but first contact with the new-born was delayed one or more hours for 51% of subjects. Colostrum was given to 94% of the infants, yet during the first three days, all but 34% were given water, artificial baby milk, glucose or other prelacteal feeds. Among infants under 4 months of age, 35% were currently exclusively breastfeeding, but at two months only 40% were, and only half that many had received nothing but breast-milk since birth. Exclusive breastfeeding has probably increased in China, but further promotion is still needed in this area.