ABSTRACT
Anisotropic optoelectronics based on low-symmetry two-dimensional (2D) materials hold immense potential for enabling multidimensional visual perception with improved miniaturization and integration capabilities, which has attracted extensive interest in optical communication, high-gain photoswitching circuits, and polarization imaging fields. However, the reported in-plane anisotropic photocurrent and polarized dichroic ratios are limited, hindering the achievement of high-performance anisotropic optoelectronics. In this study, we introduce novel low-symmetry violet phosphorus (VP) with a unique tubular cross-linked structure into this realm, and the corresponding anisotropic optical and optoelectronic properties are investigated both experimentally and theoretically for the first time. Remarkably, our prepared VP-based van der Waals phototransistor exhibits significant optoelectronic anisotropies with a giant in-plane anisotropic photocurrent ratio exceeding 10 and a comparable polarized dichroic ratio of 2.16, which is superior to those of most reported 2D counterparts. Our findings establish VP as an exceptional candidate for anisotropic optoelectronics, paving the way for future multifunctional applications.
ABSTRACT
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) plants are rich in 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), which is a potential α-glucosidase inhibitor exhibiting various physiological activities. Compared to other tissues, Morus alba L. seeds contain the highest DNJ content, however, the DNJ biosynthesis mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we examined fruits of 27 mulberry varieties and found that variety MS02 had the highest DNJ levels (22.28 mg/g), whereas variety MS15 contained the lowest DNJ levels (0.37 mg/g). Through comparative transcriptomics, 1,719 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 1,170 of which were upregulated, and 549 were downregulated in MS02 compared to MS15. DEGs were associated with cellular processes, metabolic processes, and catalytic activity. Specifically, nine DEGs were identified to be involved in alkaloid biosynthesis pathways, according to Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, and four enzymes, i.e. polyphenol oxidase, tyrosine aminotransferase, aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase, and tropinone reductase, are proposed to play important roles in DNJ biosynthesis. In conclusion, DNJ biosynthesis in mulberry seeds appears to be mediated by upregulation of polyphenol oxidase, tyrosine aminotransferase, aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase, and tropinone reductase.
