ABSTRACT
As an efficient and safe industrial bacterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum has extensive application in amino acid production. However, it often faces oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to diminished production efficiency. To enhance the robustness of C. glutamicum, numerous studies have focused on elucidating its regulatory mechanisms under various stress conditions such as heat, acid, and sulfur stress. However, a comprehensive review of its defense mechanisms against oxidative stress is needed. This review offers an in-depth overview of the mechanisms C. glutamicum employs to manage oxidative stress. It covers both enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems, including antioxidant enzymes, regulatory protein families, sigma factors involved in transcription, and physiological redox reduction pathways. This review provides insights for advancing research on the antioxidant mechanisms of C. glutamicum and sheds light on its potential applications in industrial production.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Bacterial Proteins , Corynebacterium glutamicum , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Oxidation-Reduction , Oxidative Stress , Reactive Oxygen Species , Sigma Factor , Corynebacterium glutamicum/metabolism , Corynebacterium glutamicum/genetics , Antioxidants/metabolism , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Sigma Factor/metabolism , Sigma Factor/geneticsABSTRACT
Xi'an Bell Tower (the Bell Tower) is a state-level ancient relic in China. The vibration caused by metro will exert adverse effect on the Bell Tower. This paper aims at presenting 3D-FEM models to predict the peak period velocity (PPV) of rammed earth base when the metro passing through the Bell Tower. The calculation results are compared with those of field test. Both results were found to be in good agreement. Furthermore, the results indicated that the effect of shock absorption measures is significant. The shock absorption tracks can obviously decrease the vibration of the Bell Tower, and the maximum decrease of PPV of the rammed earth base is 78.91 %. The proposed prediction has the potential to be developed as a decision and management tool for the evaluation of the risk associated with the influence of vibration caused by metro on buildings in urban areas.
