Isoorientin ameliorates H2O2-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in chondrocytes by regulating MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and complicated degenerative disease for which there is currently no effective treatment. Isoorientin (ISO) is a natural plant extract that has antioxidant activity and could be used to treat OA. However, due to a lack of research, it has not been widely used. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of ISO on H2O2-induced chondrocytes, a widely used cell model for OA. Based on RNA-seq and bioinformatics, we discovered that ISO significantly increased the activity of chondrocytes induced by H2O2, which was associated with apoptosis and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the combination of ISO and H2O2 significantly reduced apoptosis and restored mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which may be achieved by inhibiting apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Moreover, ISO increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Finally, ISO inhibited H2O2-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chondrocytes by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways. This study establishes a theoretical framework for ISO's ability to inhibit OA in vitro models.

Enhanced hemocompatibility and antibacterial activity of biodegradable poly(ester-urethane) modified with quercetin and phosphorylcholine for durable blood-contacting applications.

This work developed innovative poly(ester-urethane) materials double-modified by quercetin (QC) and phosphorylcholine (PC) with improved antibacterial activity and hemocompatibility. The functional monomer of PC-diol was first synthesized via a click reaction between 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine and α-thioglycerol; the NCO-terminated prepolymer was subsequently prepared by a one-pot condensation method of PC-diol, poly(ε-caprolactone) diol, and excess isophorone diisocyanate; finally, the prepolymer was chain-extended with QC to produce the linear products (PEU-PQs). 1H NMR, FT-IR, and XPS techniques confirmed the successful introduction of PC and QC, and the in-depth characterization of the cast PEU-PQ films was carried out. Although a low crystallinity was demonstrated by XRD and thermal analysis, the films exhibited excellent tensile stress and stretchability due to the interchain multiple hydrogen bonds. The introduction of PC groups enhanced the surface hydrophilicity, water absorption, and the in vitro hydrolytic degradation rate of the film materials. Inhibition zone tests presented that the QC-based PEU-PQs had effective antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The biological evaluations of the materials were performed in vitro by protein absorption, platelet adhesion, and cytotoxic test and in vivo by subcutaneous implantation, which demonstrated superior surface hemocompatibility and biocompatibility. Collectively, the PEU-PQ biomaterials hold a prospective application in durable blood-contacting devices.

Comparison of the efficacy of different biodegradable membranes in guided bone/tissue regeneration: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Guided bone/tissue regeneration (GBR/GTR) is commonly used in dental treatment. The desired bone/tissue regeneration is achieved by placing a barrier membrane over the defect to avoid the downward growth of faster-growing connective and epithelial tissue into the defect. This review aimed to evaluate osteogenic properties, degradation characteristics, and postoperative complications of eight biodegradable membranes in animal experiments, including non-crosslinked collagen membrane (NCCM), crosslinked collagen membrane (CCM), silk membrane (SM), polylactic-co-glycolic acid, polylactic acid, polyethylene glycol hydrogel, polycaprolactone (PCL), and magnesium alloys. Seven electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Wiley, Scopus and Google Scholar) were screened. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were made in duplicate. The SYRCLE assessment tool, CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research) tool and GRADE tool were used to grade the risk of bias and level of evidence. A total of 2512 articles were found in the electronic database. Finally, 94 articles were selected, of which 53 were meta-analyzed. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve showed the best results for new bone formation in the magnesium barrier membrane group, followed by SM, PCL, NCCM, and CCM. Qualitative analysis showed good biocompatibility for natural polymer membranes and a longer degradation time for synthetic polymer membranes. In addition, 34 studies all showed high bias risks, while other studies had unclear bias risks. Natural polymer membranes were more effective for bone regeneration and magnesium alloys were proved to be promising barrier materials that warrant future research.

The Relation between Morphology of Maxillary Sinus after Augmentation in Three Classification Methods and Residual Bone Height: A Retrospective Study.

Maxillary sinus augmentation is critical to oral implantology, particularly in some cases. The morphology of the sinus floor reflects the lifting effect to a certain extent; however, there has been limited research on the morphology after sinus augmentation. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between residual bone height (RBH) and the morphology of the sinus floor and determine whether a correlation exists between the different evaluation classifications. Maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedures were performed in 56 patients and 68 teeth using the sinus crest approach (SCA). Imaging results obtained after one year of sinus augmentation were analyzed and simultaneously classified along the coronal plane, the sagittal plane, and the biplane (coronal-sagittal). The higher the RBH, the closer the result tends to be to A, A', or type 1 (more satisfactory). There was a significant correlation between the three different evaluation classifications (p < 0.05). The morphology of perforation cases was involved in types C, D, C', and D'. A more satisfactory post-lifting morphology (tent type and flat type) is probably related to an optimal preoperative bone height, and an unsatisfactory post-lifting morphology is related to a low preoperative sinus floor height. The sagittal plane evaluation correlates with the coronal plane and biplane evaluation and is thus more recommended.

A pan-cancer analysis reveals role of clusterin (CLU) in carcinogenesis and prognosis of human tumors.

Clusterin (CLU) is a chaperone-like protein that has been demonstrated to have a direct relationship with cancer occurrence, progression, or metastasis. Clusterin was downregulated in tumor tissues using three datasets of tongue squamous carcinoma from the Gene Expression Omnibus. We further retrieved datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus to thoroughly investigate the carcinogenic consequences of Clusterin. Our findings revealed that decreased Clusterin expression in malignancies was associated with a worse overall survival prognosis in individuals with multiple tumors; Clusterin gene deep deletions were found in almost all malignancies and were connected to most cancer patient's prognosis, Clusterin DNA methylation level was dependent on tumor type, Clusterin expression was also linked to the invasion of cancer-associated CD8+ T-cells and fibroblasts in numerous cancer forms. Moreover, pathway enrichment analysis revealed that Clusterin primarily regulates biological processes such as cholesterol metabolism, phospholipid binding, and protein-lipid complex formation. Overall, our pan-cancer research suggests that Clusterin expression levels are linked to tumor carcinogenesis and prognosis, which contributes to understanding the probable mechanism of Clusterin in tumorigenesis as well as its clinical prognostic significance.

Microbiota in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Before and After Mechanical Debridement With Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Peri-Implantitis.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the microbiota of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) before and after mechanical debridement (MD) with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and determine the core efficient microbiota in peri-implantitis after treatment. METHODS: We recruited 9 patients (14 implants) treated with MD+aPDT for peri-implantitis at our center from February 1, 2018, to February 1, 2019. GCF was collected using filter paper strip before and after the treatment. The bacterial 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform to characterize the GCF. Bioinformatics and statistical analyses were performed using QIIME2 and R. RESULTS: A total of 4,110,861 high-quality sequences were obtained from GCF samples. Based on the reference database, 1,120 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were finally harvested. Principal coordinates analysis indicated significant differences in the bacterial community structure between the 180 days after-treatment group and pre-treatment group. Difference analysis and least discriminant analysis showed that the differences were mainly reflected in non-dominant bacteria between these two groups. The non-dominant genera with significantly different distribution between the 180 days after-treatment group and the pre-treatment group included Lactobacillus, Pedobacter, Bulleidia, Centipeda, Desulfovibrio, Ochrobactrum, Staphylococcus, Microbacterium, Brevundimonas, Desulfobulbus, and Parvimonas. Moreover, a total of 29 predictive functional categories at KEGG level 2 were identified. The significant difference pathways at KEGG level 2 between after-treatment and pre-treatment were concentrated in infectious disease-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with peri-implantitis have significant changes in the low-abundance bacteria of the GCF before and after MD+aPDT. MD+aPDT may change the composition of GCF microbiota by increasing the abundance of cluster 1 (beneficial) and decreasing that of cluster 4 (harmful), which may decrease metabolic response to infection and thus improve peri-implantitis.

Evaluation of the micro-shear bond strength of four adhesive systems to dentin with and without adhesive area limitation.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding ability of four representative dentin-adhesive systems by applying the micro-shear bond strength (µ-SBS) test method and to evaluate the influence of adhesive area limitation on the bond strength. Two different adhesive application methods were used in the µ-SBS test (with and without adhesives area limitation), and four representative adhesive systems were used in this study. Each dentin surface was treated with one of the four representative adhesive systems, and with twenty samples per group (n=20), each of the four groups underwent a µ-SBS test. The results showed that the bond strength was significantly influenced by the adhesive application method (p<0.05), the adhesive type (p<0.05) and the interaction between the two factors (p<0.05). With regard to the four representative dentin-adhesive systems, 3-E&R has a much better bond quality compared to the other adhesive systems. Furthermore, the micro-shear bond strength test method of restricting the area of both the adhesive and the resin is more reliable for evaluating the bonding property of adhesives to dentin, and it is also adequate for comparing the different adhesives systems.

[Effect of SiO2-ZrO2slurry coating on surface performance of zirconia ceramic].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of SiO2-ZrO2slurry coating on surface performance of zirconia ceramic. METHODS: Seventy pre-sintered zirconia discs were randomly divided into seven groups with 10 discs per group. Sample discs in each group received one of the following seven different surface treatments, namely, sintered (group AS), sand blasting after sintered (group SB), coated with slurry of mole ratio of SiO2to ZrO22:1 (group 2SiO2-1ZrO2), coated with slurry of mole ratio of SiO2to ZrO21:1 (group 1SiO2-1ZrO2), coated with slurry of mole ratio of SiO2to ZrO21:2 (group 1SiO2-2ZrO2), coated with slurry of mole ratio of SiO2to ZrO21:3 (group 1SiO2-3ZrO2), coated with slurry of mole ratio of SiO2to ZrO21:4 (group 1SiO2-4ZrO2). Profilometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze surface performance. RESULTS: The surface roughness of the discs in group AS was lower than those in the other groups [(0.33 ± 0.03) µm] (P < 0.05), there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) among group 2SiO2-1ZrO2[(3.85 ± 0.38) µm], group 1SiO2-1ZrO2[(3.78 ± 0.56) µm] and group 1SiO2-2ZrO2[(4.06 ± 0.48) µm], and no difference (P > 0.05) was observed between group 1SiO2-3ZrO2[(1.02 ± 0.09) µm] and group 1SiO2-4ZrO2[(1.53 ± 0.23) µm] either. However, surface roughness in all coating groups was higher than those in group SB [(0.86 ± 0.05) µm] (P < 0.05). According to the XRD pattern, group AS and all coating groups consisted of 100% tetragonal airconia and monoclinic zirconia was detected at surface of group SB. Contents of surface silicon of coating groups increased significantly, however, no silicon was detected at sample surface of group AS and group SB. SEM showed that zirconia grains of coating exposed since part of silicon was etched by hydrofluoric acid, a three-dimensional network of intergrain nano-spaces was created. CONCLUSIONS: SiO2-ZrO2slurry coating could make surface of zirconia rough and increase Si content without creating monoclinic zirconia.

[Quantitative monomolecular coverage of barium glass by the silane coupling agent gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane].

OBJECTIVE: To study the monomolecular coverage of the silane coupling agent gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (gamma-MPS) on the barium glass filler surface. METHODS: Kubelka-Munk (K-M) function values of the isolated OH-groups on the barium glass filler surface, which were based on the change of gamma-MPS concentrations, were measured using the quantitative analysis of the diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. When all of the isolated OH-groups on the filler surface disappeared (where the K-M function values was zero), the monomolecular coverage of the gamma-MPS molecules on the filler surface was indicated by the linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The relationship tallied with negative linear correlation between the K-M function values of the isolated OH-groups on the barium glass surface and the concentrations of gamma-MPS. Each gamma-MPS molecule occupied 0.21 nm(2) when the monomolecular coverage was formed on the barium glass surface. CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study indicated the optimal amount of silane coupling agent on silanated barium glass filler during the production of resin composite.