ABSTRACT
Focusing inside scattering media is a challenging task with a variety of applications in biomedicine. State of the art methods mostly require invasive feedback inside or behind the sample, limiting practical use. We present a technique for dynamic control and focusing inside scattering media that combines two powerful methods: optical coherence tomography (OCT) and wave-front shaping (WFS). We use OCT as a non-invasive feedback for WFS optimization of a separate, penetrating laser. Energy absorbed in the sample, creates thermal expansions that are used for the feedback mechanism. By maximizing thermal deformations within a selected focal region, we demonstrate enhanced focusing of light through scattering media beyond the ballistic regime and within the penetration range of OCT.
ABSTRACT
Multimode optical fibers are attractive for biomedical and sensing applications because they possess a small cross section and can bend over small radii of curvature. However, mode phase-velocity dispersion and random mode coupling change with bending, temperature, and other perturbations, producing scrambling interference among propagating modes; hence preventing its use for focusing or imaging. To tackle this problem we introduce a system capable of re-focusing light through a multimode fiber in 37ms, one order of magnitude faster than demonstrated in previous reports. As a result, the focus spot can be maintained during significant bending of the fiber, opening numerous opportunities for endoscopic imaging and energy delivery applications. We measure the transmission matrix of the fiber by projecting binary-amplitude computer generated holograms using a digital micro-mirror device controlled by a field programmable gate array. The system shows two orders of magnitude enhancements of the focus spot relative to the background.
