ABSTRACT
The incidence of sore throat after the use of the laryngeal mask was assessed with a randomized trial in 839 patients. Sore throat occurred more often in women, older patients or after multiple insertion attempts. It was found that the frequency in women, but not in men, was lowered from 11.9% to 3.9% (P = 0.012) by reducing intracuff pressure to the minimum required for an effective seal.
Subject(s)
Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Laryngeal Masks , Pharyngitis/etiology , Pharyngitis/prevention & control , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To establish guidelines for use of ondansetron. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE computer search (to July 1993) and information from the manufacturer. DATA EXTRACTION: We circulated a position paper based on our literature review for comment by clinicians and directors of pharmacy in major teaching hospitals in New South Wales who had an interest in ondansetron. DATA SYNTHESIS: Ondansetron is effective in the control of nausea and vomiting occurring 24-48 hours after highly emetogenic chemotherapy and after radiotherapy. There are no data to support its use in delayed emesis. Combination with dexamethasone may improve emetic control. The most commonly reported adverse effects are headache and constipation. Optimal dose, frequency of dosing and route of administration have not been established. The cost for each inpatient treated successfully is about 3% more than conventional antiemetic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Ondansetron shows clinical benefit in the management of acute nausea and vomiting in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy, those who have responded poorly to other antiemetics after moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, those who have intolerable side effects with conventional antiemetic agents and those receiving radiotherapy to the upper abdomen. It is also marketed for the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
