Experimental data of heat transfer nanofluids for trigeneration systems: viscosity at below-ambient temperatures.

The present work exhibits the dynamic viscosity profile data of three distinct nanofluids, at a constant shear stress, and within a range of temperatures that include below-ambient conditions (from -10 to 20 °C). The nanofluids were as follows. Nanofluid I: 30% ethylene glycol and 70% distilled water (v/v), with graphene (0.32% in mass); Nanofluid II: 30% engine coolant NBR 13705; ASTM D-3306; ASTM D-4985) and 70% distilled water (v/v), with graphene (0.2% in mass); and Nanofluid III: 30% engine coolant and 70% distilled water (v/v), with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) (0.2% in mass). The present work was motivated by the scarcity of experimental data on the temperature dependence of viscosity for graphene, MWCNT, and their hybrid nanofluids, at below-ambient temperatures.

Cultural differences in vocal emotion recognition: a behavioural and skin conductance study in Portugal and Guinea-Bissau.

Cross-cultural studies of emotion recognition in nonverbal vocalizations not only support the universality hypothesis for its innate features, but also an in-group advantage for culture-dependent features. Nevertheless, in such studies, differences in socio-economic-educational status have not always been accounted for, with idiomatic translation of emotional concepts being a limitation, and the underlying psychophysiological mechanisms still un-researched. We set out to investigate whether native residents from Guinea-Bissau (West African culture) and Portugal (Western European culture)-matched for socio-economic-educational status, sex and language-varied in behavioural and autonomic system response during emotion recognition of nonverbal vocalizations from Portuguese individuals. Overall, Guinea-Bissauans (as out-group) responded significantly less accurately (corrected p < .05), slower, and showed a trend for higher concomitant skin conductance, compared to Portuguese (as in-group)-findings which may indicate a higher cognitive effort stemming from higher difficulty in discerning emotions from another culture. Specifically, accuracy differences were particularly found for pleasure, amusement, and anger, rather than for sadness, relief or fear. Nevertheless, both cultures recognized all emotions above-chance level. The perceived authenticity, measured for the first time in nonverbal cross-cultural research, in the same vocalizations, retrieved no difference between cultures in accuracy, but still a slower response from the out-group. Lastly, we provide-to our knowledge-a first account of how skin conductance response varies between nonverbally vocalized emotions, with significant differences (p < .05). In sum, we provide behavioural and psychophysiological data, demographically and language-matched, that supports cultural and emotion effects on vocal emotion recognition and perceived authenticity, as well as the universality hypothesis.