Ampliando conhecimentos sobre a prática das Intervenções Assistidas por Animais a partir de oficinas interativas / Expanding knowlwdge about the practice of animal-assisted interventions from interactive workshops

Objetivo: O presente artigo tem como propósito relatar a experiência vivenciada por integrantes da equipe do Projeto Pet Terapia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas no planejamento e desenvolvimento de oficinas interativas sobre a temática das Intervenções Assistidas por Animais. Metodologia: As oficinas ocorreram durante os encontros promovidos pela Universidade Federal de Pelotas, respectivamente nos anos de 2017, 2018 e 2019. Participaram discentes da graduação, pós-graduandos, docentes e comunidade universitária em geral. Ministradas de forma expositiva e interativa, com apresentações de tópicos e imagens de vivências do Pet Terapia, além da interação dos participantes com cães coterapeutas do projeto. Resultados: a ampliação do entendimento com relação às Intervenções Assistidas por Animais em que se utilizou a metodologia de oficina interativa, apontaram que os participantes compreenderam essa abordagem terapêutica como estratégia passível de ser incorporada aos cuidados de saúde por equipe multidisciplinar. Conclusão: conclui-se que, a realização de oficinas interativas contribui para facilitar a ampliação do conhecimento da comunidade acadêmica e profissionais de saúde sobre as Intervenções Assistidas por Animias como prática complementar de cuidado em saúde. (AU)

Objective: The purpose of this article is to report the experience lived by the team that is part of the Pet Terapia project at the Federal University of Pelotas in the planning and development of interactive workshops on the theme of Animal-Assisted Interventions. Methods: The workshops took place during the meetings promoted by the Federal University of Pelotas, respectively in the years 2017, 2018 and 2019. Undergraduate students, graduate students, teachers and the university community in general participated. Taught in an expository and interactive way, with presentations of topics and images of Pet Terapia experiences, in addition to the interaction of participants with dogs co-therapists of the project. Results: The broadening of the understanding in relation to the Animal-assisted interventions in which the interactive, workshop methodology was used pointed out that the participants understood this therapeutic approach as a strategy capable of being incorporated into health care by a multidisciplinar team. Conclusion: It is concluded that, the realization of interactive workshops contribute to facilitate the expansion of the knowledge of the academic community and health professionals about Animal-assisted interventions as a complementary health care practice. (AU)

Objetivo: El propósito de este artículo es informar la experiencia vivida por el equipo que forma parte del proyecto Pet Terapia en la Universidad Federal de Pelotas en la planificación y desarrollo de talleres interactivos sobre el tema de las Intervenciones Asistidas por Animales. Metodos: Los talleres tuvieron lugar durante las reuniones promovidas por la Universidad Federal de Pelotas, respectivamente, en los años 2017, 2018 y 2019. Participaron estudiantes de pregrado, estudiantes de posgrado, docentes y la comunidad universitaria en general. Impartido de forma expositiva e interactiva, con presentaciones de temas e imágenes de las experiencias de Pet Terapia, además de la interacción de los participantes con los perros co-terapeutas del proyecto. Resultados: La expansión de la comprensión com respecto al intervenciones asistidas por animales em el que se utilizo la metodologia del taller interactivo, señaló que los participantes entendieron este enfoque terapéutico como una estratégia que podría ser incorporada a la atención médica por um equipo multidisciplinario. Conclusión: Se concluye que la realización de talleres interactivos contribuye a facilitar la expansión del conocimiento de la comunidad académica y los profesionales de la salud acerca de las Intervenciones Asistidas por Animales como práctica complementaria de cuidado de la salud. (AU)

Aqueous wheat extract (Triticuma estivum) prevents carboplatin-induced myelosuppression and oxidative stress in Wistar rats / Extrato aquoso de trigo (Triticum aestivum) na prevenção da mielossupressão e estresse oxidativo induzidos pela carboplatina em ratos Wistar

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to evaluate the use of aqueous wheat extracts as an adjunct to antineoplastic therapy with carboplatin. In this study, 32 rats were used which were randomly distributed into 4 groups: G1 - negative control; G2 - control treated with physiological solution; G3 - animals treated with aqueous extract of wheat in the concentration of 100mg/kg; G4 - animals treated with aqueous wheat extract at the concentration of 400mg/kg; 300mg/m² of carboplatin was administered intraperitoneally at day 0 in animals from groups G2, G3, and G4, whereas 1ml of physiological solution was administered by the same route in animals from group G1. Animals were treated daily for 21 days by orogastric gavage according to their respective experimental group. Blood was collected from animals on days 3, 7 and 21 for complete blood count (CBC), biochemistry, and measurement of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. On day 21, animals were euthanized and necropsied. Promising results were obtained regarding oxidative balance in groups G3 and G4. Both presented better PON1 activity in comparison with group G2 (P<0.05). Total leukocyte count of group G4 differed significantly from group G2 (P<0.05) on day 21. Myelogram values of animals from groups G3 and G4 were ​​similar to those from G1; animals from G3 had lower numbers of promyelocytes and increased numbers of erythrocytes and rubriblasts than animals from G2 (P<0.05). In the present experimental study, aqueous wheat extract was safe at the doses used in the animals, and was an effective treatment for myelosuppression and for the prevention of an excessive release of free radicals induced by carboplatin.

RESUMO: O presente estudo avaliou a utilização dos extratos aquosos de trigo como adjuvante a terapia antineoplásica com carboplatina. No estudo foram utilizadas 32 ratas, as quais foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em quatro grupos: G1 - controle negativo; G2 - controle tratado com solução fisiológica; G3 - tratado com extrato aquoso de trigo na concentração de 100mg/kg; G4 - tratado com extrato aquoso de trigo na concentração de 400mg/kg. Administrou-se 300mg/m² de carboplatina por via intraperitoneal no dia 0 nos grupos G2, G3, e G4, enquanto no G1 foi administrado 1mL de solução fisiológica pela mesma via. Os animais foram tratados diariamente durante 21 dias por gavagem orogástrica de acordo com seu respectivo grupo experimental. Foi coletado sangue dos animais nos dias três, sete e 21, para realização de hemograma, testes bioquímicos e mensuração da atividade da paraoxanase 1 (PON1). No dia 21 os animais foram eutanasiados e realizada coleta de medula óssea, rim e fígado. Foram observados resultados promissores com relação ao balanço oxidativo no G3 e G4, pois ambos apresentaram melhor atividade da PON1 em relação ao G2 (P<0,05). Além disso, foi constatado que os mesmos grupos apresentaram contagem de leucócitos totais superiores ao G2 durante todo o período experimental, com G4 diferindo significativamente do G2 (P<0,05) no dia 21. Os mielogramas dos animais do G3 e G4 apresentaram valores análogos ao G1, sendo que o G3 apresentou menor contagem de promielócitos e maior de células eritroides e rubroblastos que o G2 (P<0,05). Nas condições experimentais deste estudo os extratos aquosos de trigo mostraram-se seguros nas doses utilizadas e úteis no tratamento da mielossupressão e liberação excessiva de radicais livres induzidas pelo fármaco carboplatina.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the effect of an aqueous extract of Triticum aestivum on canine outer ear inflammation / Ensaio clínico, randomizado, duplo cego, para tratamento experimental de otite externa com extrato aquoso de Triticum aestivum

Outer ear otitis is a multifactorial acute or chronic inflammation of the ear canal, and treatment is often hampered by growing antibiotic resistance. Pre-clinical assessments have shown that an aqueous extract of Triticum aestiveum (wheat) can effectively reduce the symptoms associated with the disease. The purpose of this study was to assess, through a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the use of T. aestivum extract on canine external otitis. Thirty dogs (60 ears) met the criteria to be included in this study, and were randomly assigned a treatment group: placebo, extract, or positive control (C+). Ears were treated every day for seven days, and assessed before treatment (day zero), after treatment (day 7), and again on reassessment (day 14). Clinical assessment included: type of otitis; pinna conformation; presence or absence of itchiness, foul odor, and pain; presence of stenosis, erythema and cerumen. Furthermore, the evaluators assessed the temperature in each ear and the pH of the cerumen, and swabs were collected for bacterial and fungal isolation. All veterinarians treating and assessing the animals were blinded regarding the treatment groups. Results showed little difference in the treatment groups regarding clinical parameters. By day 7 ears treated with the C+ had elevated temperatures, when compared to the others (P<0.05), this was still true on day 14. Bacterial isolation had completely died out by day 7, however, on day fourteen the placebo group had six ears with bacterial infections, unlike the other two groups (P<0.05). The results generated herein show that a 25% wheat extract solution is effective in the reduction of clinical and microbiological parameters of external otitis, with better results when compared to a placebo, and similar results to the traditional, antibiotic/anti-inflammatory treatment.(AU)

A Otite Externa (OE) é uma inflamação aguda ou crônica do conduto auditivo dos cães apresentando várias etiologias e o uso de antimicrobianos vem apresentando resistência por inúmeras causas. O objetivo do presente estudo clínico, randomizado e duplo cego foi avaliar a utilização de Triticum aestivum no tratamento da otite externa em cães. Trinta cães com sintomas de otite externa foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos para tratamento (grupo placebo, grupo solução teste e grupo controle positivo), sendo tratados uma vez ao dia, durante sete dias e avaliados nos dias 0 (zero), sete, e 14 pós o tratamento, sendo submetidos a exame otológico, coleta de secreção auricular para cultura bacteriana e medição do pH do canal auditivo, sendo também realizada a aferição da temperatura do conduto auditivo. Como resultados foi observado que no dia sete houve um aumento da temperatura auricular do grupo controle positivo e manteve-se com a temperatura maior no dia 14 em relação aos demais grupos. Em relação a cultura bacteriana não houve diferença estatística nos grupos entre os dias zero e sete, porém na avaliação com 14 dias, percebeu-se crescimento bacteriano somente no grupo placebo. A solução com extrato aquoso de trigo 25% é eficaz na redução dos parâmetros clínicos e microbiológicos da otite externa, sendo uma nova opção para o tratamento dessa enfermidade em cães.(AU)

Participatory methodologies in research with children: creative and innovative approaches. / Metodologias participativas em pesquisa com crianças: abordagens criativas e inovadoras.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of participatory methodologies in research with children. METHODS: Experience report with a qualitative approach, conducted with children between six and eleven years of age, from a municipal school in Pelotas and in the Psychosocial Children and Youth Care Center, in São Lourenço do Sul, both municipalities of the Rio Grande do Sul State. Data collection was based on records made in field and observation diaries, held from April to July 2016. RESULTS: The report pointed out that the Photovoice promoted motivation in the group, in addition to increasing the self-esteem and self-confidence of children. The Five Field Map made it possible to help children express feelings through the game. CONCLUSION: Photovoice and the Five Field Map are seen as tools that enable new methodological approaches in research with children, facilitating the construction of the proposed activities aimed at innovative and creative research processes in health/nursing.

Interação lúdica na atividade assistida por cães em pediatria / Recreational interaction in canine-assisted activities in pediatrics

Objetivo: verificar a interação lúdica entre crianças e cães na Atividade Assistida por Animais. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, exploratório e de caráter transversal. Participaram 14 crianças internadas na pediatria de um hospital universitário e cães do Projeto Pet Terapia - Faculdade de Veterinária UFPel. Utilizou-se vídeo-gravação, fotos e questionário aplicado aos pais. Resultados: observou-se a interação entre crianças e cães, com foco na aproximação, brincadeiras, promoção do bem-estar, redução da tensão e incremento no humor. Conclusões: Atividade Assistida por Animais mostrou-se como estratégia inovadora de cuidado para enfermagem pediátrica, proporcionou atividades de lazer, relaxamento, diversão, interação lúdica e promoveu atmosfera acolhedora no referido contexto.

Objetivo: Verificar la interacción lúdica entre los niños y perros en Actividad Asistida por Animais. Metodología: estudio exploratorio descriptivo de transversal. Participaro 14 niños hospitalizados en la pediatría de un hospital universitario y perros - CollegePet Project Terapia UFPel Veterinaria. Se utilizó la grabación de vídeo, fotos y cuestionario a los padres. Resultados:Fue observada lainteracción entre losniños y los perros, centrada em laaproximación, chistes, promoción del bienestar entre niños, reducción de la tensión e incremento del humor.Conclusiones: Actividad Asistida por Animales se presentaron como una estrategia innovadora de la atención de enfermería pediátrica, proporcionando actividades de ocio, relajación, diversión e interacción lúdicay promovidos ambiente agradable en ese contexto.

Objective: to verify the playful interaction between children and dogs in a Animal Assisted Activity. Methodology: Descriptive exploratory cross - sectional study. Participants were 14 children admitted to the pediatrics of a University Hospital and dogs from the Pet Therapy Project - UFPel Veterinary School. The use of Video-recording, photos and questionnaire were applied to parents. Results: The interaction between children and dogs were observed, focusing on the approach, games, promotion of welfare, reduction of tension and increase in their mood. Conclusions: Animal-Assisted Activity proved to be an innovative strategy for pediatric nursing care, provided leisure activities, relaxation, fun, playful interaction and promoted a welcoming atmosphere in the context.

Toxicidade dos fitoterápicos de interesse do SUS: uma revisão / Toxicity of herbal medicines with interest to SUS: a review

No Brasil, desde sua colonização até os dias atuais são utilizados produtos de origem natural e a Agência nacional de Vigilância Epidemiológica vem instituindo regras para a regulamentação dos medicamentos fitoterápicos, sendo que foram escolhidas 71 plantas utilizadas empiricamente no país para pesquisa e comprovação de suas propriedades medicinais. Atualmente, 12 dessas 71 plantas foram liberadas para uso no Sistema Único de Saúde, sendo que as outras 59 plantas ainda necessitam de mais pesquisas para liberação do seu uso. Neste contexto, observou-se a necessidade de uma revisão dos testes toxicológicos das plantas que ainda não foram liberadas, na tentativa de impulsar e estimular novas pesquisas nesse campo. Para escolha das plantas foram utilizadas as palavras-chave: nome da planta + toxicidade/estudos toxicológicos nas línguas português e inglês nos principais bancos de dados. As 10 plantas que apresentaram maior quantidade de estudos toxicológicos foram utilizadas para a pesquisa. Para as dez plantas avaliadas, três apresentam dados completos referentes aos estudos toxicológicos exigidos pela agência nacional de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Destas, sugere-se que duas (Curcuma longa e Zingiberofficinale) sejam adotadas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. De maneira geral, três plantas já apresentam o valor determinado para DL50, nove plantas apresentam resultados para a toxicidade reprodutiva e cinco plantas, até o presente momento, não apresentam sinais de toxicidade nos testes aplicados.

In Brazil, ever since colonization plants have been used as natural products; thus, the National Health Surveillance Agency has been establishing rules for herbal medicine regulation; in this light, 71 plant species were chosen and empirically used in the country to investigate their medicinal properties. Currently, 12 of these 71 plants have been approved to be used in SUS (Public Health System), there maining species still need further research. Thusly, this review aimed to seek information from toxicological studies on the plants that have not yet been officially approved, to stimulate new researchin the field, promoting an economical and functional impact. In order to obtain the information, the keywords plant name + toxicity and/or toxicological studies were searched in the most prominent databases, both in English and in Portuguese. The ten plants with the most references were included in this review. Among the ten plants assessed, three have all the required studies required by the National Health Surveillance Agency, two of which we recommend the immediate adoption by SUS. In general, three plants have a determined LD50, nine have reproductive toxicity data, and five have not yet shownany sign of toxicity.

Repellent Action of Carapa guianensis and Caesalpinia ferrea for flies species of Calliphoridae family / Ação repelente de Carapa guianensis e Caesalpinia férrea paraespécies de mosacas da família Callip horidae

ABSTRACT: Myiases occur by the infestation of fly larvae in tissues of live vertebrate animals, resulting in economic loss. Phytotherapy is considered an important alternative in the control of insects, which may reduce the economic impacts. Carapa guianensis is a plant that has been studied as a repellent against mosquitoes and Caesalpinia ferrea is reported in tropical climates, and there are few studies about its repellent action. The present study was designed to evaluate the repellent action of s C. guianensis and C. ferrea plants on flies species of the Calliphoridae family. W.O.T. traps containing deteriorated bovine liver and herbs cream of at concentrations of 20 and 50% were used to catch the flies. It was reported that the creams containing C. ferrea at concentrations of 20 and 50% and C. guianensis at the concentration of 50% have repellent effect against species of Calliphoridae family.

RESUMO: Miíases ocorrem pela infestação de larvas de moscas em tecidos de animais vertebrados vivos, resultando em perdas econômicas. Fitoterapia é considerada uma alternativa importante no controle de insetos, o que pode reduzir os impactos econômicos. Carapa guianensis é uma planta que tem sido estudada como um repelente contra mosquitos e Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. é encontrada em climas tropicais, e há poucos estudos sobre sua ação repelente. O presente estudo foi desenhado para avaliar a ação repelente das plantas C. guianensis e C. ferrea Mart. em espécies de moscas da família Calliphoridae. Armadilhas WOT contendo fígado bovino deteriorado e creme de ervas em concentrações de 20 e 50% foram usadas para capturar as moscas. Verificou-se que os cremes contendo C. ferrea Mart. em concentrações de 20 e 50%, e C. guianensis, na concentração de 50%, têm efeito repelente contra as espécies da família Calliphoridae.

Infection with Leptospira kirschneri Serovar Mozdok: First Report from the Southern Hemisphere.

Leptospirosis is a global zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. In this study, we characterized two Leptospira kirschneri serogroup Pomona serovar Mozdok isolates, one obtained from a dog and the other from a patient with severe leptospirosis, 4 years later. Histopathological analysis showed that both isolates caused severe tissue damage when used to infect hamsters. While L. kirschneri serogroup Pomona serovar Mozdok is endemic in animals in Europe, there is only one report of human leptospirosis in the literature. Although strains belonging to L. kirschneri serogroup Pomona have been identified in cases of human leptospirosis in Europe, serovar Mozdok has not yet been implicated. The 4-year interval between isolations and the fact that this is the first report of serovar Mozdok as the causative agent of human leptospirosis in the southern hemisphere, demonstrates its epidemiological importance to public health. Moreover, the presence of serovar Mozdok in Brazil has the potential to affect vaccine and diagnostic test development.

Metodologias participativas em pesquisa com crianças: abordagens criativas e inovadoras / Metodologías de investigación participativa con niños: enfoques creativos e innovadores / Participatory methodologies in research with children: creative and innovative approaches

RESUMO Objetivo Relatar a experiência da utilização de metodologias participativas em pesquisa com crianças. Métodos Relato de experiência com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com crianças entre seis e onze anos de uma escola municipal, em Pelotas, e do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil, em São Lourenço do Sul, ambos municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados foi baseada em registros feitos em diários de campo e observação, realizada de abril a julho de 2016. Resultados O relato apontou que o Photovoice promoveu a motivação entre o grupo e elevou a autoestima e a autoconfiança das crianças. O Mapa dos Cinco Campos possibilitou às crianças expressar sentimentos por intermédio do jogo. Conclusão Compreende-se que o Photovoice e o Mapa dos Cinco Campos são instrumentos que viabilizam novas abordagens metodológicas nas pesquisas com crianças, facilitando a construção das propostas de atividades que visam processos inovadores e criativos de pesquisa em saúde/enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo Presentar la experiencia de usar enfoques participativos en la investigación con niños. Métodos Informe de experiencia con un enfoque cualitativo, realizado con niños de entre seis y once años, de una escuela municipal en Pelotas y en el Cuidado de Niños y Jóvenes Centro Psicosocial, en São Lourenço do Sul, ambos municipios de Rio Grande do Sul. La recogida de datos se basa en los registros realizados en diarios de campo y observación, de abril a julio de 2016. Resultados el informe señaló que la Fotovoz promueve la motivación entre el grupo, el aumento de la autoestima, autoconfianza de los niños. El Mapa de cinco campos y ayudan a los niños a expresar sus sentimientos por medio del juego. Conclusión Se entiende que el Fotovoz y mapa de cinco campos son herramientas que permiten los nuevos enfoques metodológicos de la investigación con los niños, lo que facilita la construcción de las actividades propuestas dirigidas a los procesos creativos e innovadores de la investigación en salud/enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the use of participatory methodologies in research with children. Methods Experience report with a qualitative approach, conducted with children between six and eleven years of age, from a municipal school in Pelotas and in the Psychosocial Children and Youth Care Center, in São Lourenço do Sul, both municipalities of the Rio Grande do Sul State. Data collection was based on records made in field and observation diaries, held from April to July 2016. Results The report pointed out that the Photovoice promoted motivation in the group, in addition to increasing the self-esteem and self-confidence of children. The Five Field Map made it possible to help children express feelings through the game. Conclusion Photovoice and the Five Field Map are seen as tools that enable new methodological approaches in research with children, facilitating the construction of the proposed activities aimed at innovative and creative research processes in health/nursing.

Comparing open wound measuring methods popularly used in experimental studies / Estudo comparativo de métodos de avaliação de contração de feridas cutâneas abertas

Tissue repair is a response reaction to lesions and aggressions that constitutes a dynamic process to maintain the integrity of the organism. Wound healing experiments have used several approaches in order to assess and compare treatment methods, and these discrepancies hamper comparisons among assays. This study assessed three different methods of wound measurement commonly used in healing assays: clock method, graph paper method, and computer-assisted image analysis. We used 30 Wistar rats, kept in appropriate conditions for animal well-being. After anesthesia, and using an eight-millimeter punch, two lesions were made in the back region of each rat. The wounds were assessed on days four, seven, and 14 after infliction. At four days, all methods generated similar results. By day seven, the clock method had lost precision, likely due to wound shrinkage, and yielded greater means compared to the other two methods. On the last assessment, the computer-assisted method appeared to have more precise results, with the other two generating statistically higher means. Computer-assisted image analysis seems to have maintained wound measuring precision throughout this experiment, even when faced with small lesions. Considering these results, the authors recommend the use of computer-assisted measurements in future experiments.

O reparo tecidual surge em resposta às lesões e constitui-se de um processo dinâmico para manutenção da integridade do organismo. Nos estudos sobre cicatrização de feridas, tem se utilizado várias técnicas buscando-se uma avaliação da eficácia de meios de tratamento local. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho objetivou comparar três métodos de avaliação experimental de áreas de feridas, sendo eles: o método do relógio, papel milimetrado e avaliação computadorizada. Para realização do experimento, foram utilizados 30 ratos Wistar em condições de bem-estar. Após realizada a anestesia, foram confeccionadas duas lesões no dorso de cada animal com punch de 8 mm, sendo as feridas avaliadas após quatro, sete e 14 dias de tratamento. Observou-se que aos quatro dias de tratamento, todos os métodos apresentaram o mesmo desempenho, enquanto aos sete e 14 dias, o método do relógio, apresentou maior média de área, perdendo precisão, e aos 14 dias, a avaliação computadorizada apresentou resultados mais precisos em relação a ambos os outros métodos. Concluiu-se que a avaliação computadorizada através de software de áreas de feridas cutâneas apresenta resultados mais precisos em relação aos métodos do relógio e papel milimetrado, principalmente em lesões menores.

Clinical and mycological analysis of dog's oral cavity.

The oral microbiota of humans and animals is made up of a wide variety of yeasts and bacteria, but microbiota of dogs is not totally described. Although such identification is an important step to establish the etiopathogenesis and adequate therapy for the periodontal disease The aim of this study was to evaluate and correlate oral alterations with the presence of yeasts in oral cavity of female dogs. After clinical evaluation samples from healthy and from dogs with oral diseases were obtained from three different oral sites by swabs, curettes, millimeter periodontal probes and HA membrane tip in cellulose ester. Yeast identification was performed through macroscopic and microscopic colony features and biochemical tests. Dental calculus was the most prevalent occurrence in the oral cavity of 59 females. However, the isolation of yeasts was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in animals suffering from halitosis. Eleven yeast species were identified, namely: Malassezia pachydermatis, Rhodotorula spp., Candida albicans, C. catenulata, C. famata, C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis, C. intermedia, Trichosporon asahii, T. mucoides and Cryptococcus albidus. It could be concluded that the yeasts are part of the microbiota from the different sites of the oral cavity of the female canines studied without causing any significant alterations except halitosis.

Clinical and mycological analysis of dog's oral cavity

The oral microbiota of humans and animals is made up of a wide variety of yeasts and bacteria, but microbiota of dogs is not totally described. Although such identification is an important step to establish the etiopathogenesis and adequate therapy for the periodontal disease The aim of this study was to evaluate and correlate oral alterations with the presence of yeasts in oral cavity of female dogs. After clinical evaluation samples from healthy and from dogs with oral diseases were obtained from three different oral sites by swabs, curettes, millimeter periodontal probes and HA membrane tip in cellulose ester. Yeast identification was performed through macroscopic and microscopic colony features and biochemical tests. Dental calculus was the most prevalent occurrence in the oral cavity of 59 females. However, the isolation of yeasts was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in animals suffering from halitosis. Eleven yeast species were identified, namely: Malassezia pachydermatis, Rhodotorula spp., Candida albicans, C. catenulata, C. famata, C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis, C. intermedia, Trichosporon asahii, T. mucoides and Cryptococcus albidus. It could be concluded that the yeasts are part of the microbiota from the different sites of the oral cavity of the female canines studied without causing any significant alterations except halitosis.

Pitiosis gástrica en un perro / Gastric pythiosis in a dog

Antecedentes. El patógeno responsable de la pitiosis es Pythium insidiosum, un oomiceto acuático, perteneciente a la familia Pythiaceae, orden Peronosporales, clase Oomycetes, y perteneciente al reino Stramenopila. Objetivos. Describir la sintomatología, los cambios anatomopatológicos y métodos de diagnóstico de la pitiosis gástrica en perros. Métodos. Una perra hembra de raza Pastor Alemán, de 3 años de edad, y con acceso a tierras pantanosas, fue llevada a consulta por un cuadro de vómitos con diarrea recurrente de 30 días de evolución. Durante la exploración clínica, se identificó una masa palpable en el abdomen que ocupaba la región epigástrica izquierda, por lo que se procedió a la realización de un examen radiológico, simple y con contraste, junto con una ecografía abdominal. Más tarde, fue derivada para una laparotomía exploratoria con la finalidad de proceder a la exéresis de la masa. Debido a su tamaño, la exéresis no fue posible, por lo que se sacrificó al animal. Se obtuvieron muestras del tumor y se enviaron al laboratorio para su análisis morfológico e inmunohistoquímico. Resultados. Los cambios observados en los estudios de diagnóstico por imagen eran compatibles con un diagnóstico de pitiosis gástrica. En el examen citológico e histopatológico se identificaron hifas no tabicadas, mientras que el examen inmunohistoquímico fue intensamente positivo para la presencia de anticuerpos anti-Pythium, confirmando el diagnóstico de pitiosis. Conclusiones. El diagnóstico de pitiosis en perros se establece tardíamente, por lo que suele evolucionar hacia la muerte del animal. El diagnóstico definitivo debe establecerse a través de exámenes citológicos, histológicos e inmunohistoquímicos(AU)

Background. Pythiosis is caused by the agent Pythium insidiosum, an aquatic oomycete of the kingdom Stramenopila. Aims. To describe the symptoms, pathological changes and diagnosis methods of gastric pythiosis in dogs. Methods. A three-year-old female German shepherd, with access to wetlands, was attended due to vomiting and recurrent diarrhea of 30 days of duration. A palpable mass in the abdomen filling the left epigastric region was identified in the clinical examination. Simple and contrasted radiological examination and ultrasound of abdominal cavity were performed. The animal was referred for exploratory laparotomy for the removal of the mass. The extent of the mass prevented from the excision and the animal was euthanized. Samples of the tumor mass were collected and sent for morphological study and immunohistochemistry. Results. The changes observed in imaging studies were consistent with gastric pythiosis. In cytology and histopathology, non-septate hyphae were identified, and in immunohistochemistry a strong positivity of anti-Pythium antibodies was observed, confirming the diagnosis of pythiosis. Conclusions. Pythiosis in dogs is diagnosed late and tends to evolve in the animal's death. The definitive diagnosis is by cytology, histology and immunohistochemistry(AU)

Alterações hematológicas em felinos com esporotricose cutânea / Hematological alterations of cats with cutaneous sporotrichosis / Alterações hematológicas en felinos con esporotricosis cutânea

A esporotricose é a micose subcutânea de maior ocorrência em pequenos animais, especialmente felinos e caninos. Esta doença causa lesões cutâneas ulceradas de caráter subagudo ou crônico que podem resultar no comprometimento do estado geral do animal. Este estudo avaliou alterações hematológicas em gatos com esporotricose relacionando-as com a forma clínica da doença. As alterações hematológicas foram observadas em 73,3% dos animais, sendo caracterizadas principalmente por leucocitose por neutrofilia e anemia. Os resultados demonstram que animais com a forma cutânea fixa da micose não apresentam alterações no hemograma, enquanto animais com a forma cutânea disseminada desenvolvem importantes alterações que indicam o agravamento do quadro clínico com possibilidade de evolução da micose para uma forma sistêmica.

Sporotrichosis is the most frequent subcutaneous mycosis of small animals, specially cats and dogs. This disease leads toof the mycosis do not present alterations in the blood count. However, animals with the cutaneous disseminated form develop important alterations that can aggravate the disease and evolve the mycosis to a systemic form.

La esporotricosis es la micosis subcutánea de mayor ocurrencia en pequeños animales, específicamente felinos y caninos. Esta enfermedad produce lesiones cutáneas ulceradas de carácter sub agudo o crónico que pueden resultar en el comprometimiento del estado general del animal. Este estudio evalúo alteraciones hematológicas en gatos con esporotricosis, relacionándolas con la forma clínica de la enfermedad. Se ha observado alteraciones hematológicas en 73,3% de los animales, siendo caracterizadas principalmente por leucocitosis por neutrofilia y anemia. Los resultados demuestran que animales con la forma cutánea fija de la micosis no presentan alteraciones en el hemograma, mientras que los animales con la forma cutánea diseminada desarrollan importantes alteraciones que indican el comprometimiento del cuadro clínico con posibilidad de evolución de la micosis para una forma sistémica.

Gastric pythiosis in a dog.

BACKGROUND: Pythiosis is caused by the agent Pythium insidiosum, an aquatic oomycete of the kingdom Stramenopila. AIMS: To describe the symptoms, pathological changes and diagnosis methods of gastric pythiosis in dogs. METHODS: A three-year-old female German shepherd, with access to wetlands, was attended due to vomiting and recurrent diarrhea of 30 days of duration. A palpable mass in the abdomen filling the left epigastric region was identified in the clinical examination. Simple and contrasted radiological examination and ultrasound of abdominal cavity were performed. The animal was referred for exploratory laparotomy for the removal of the mass. The extent of the mass prevented from the excision and the animal was euthanized. Samples of the tumor mass were collected and sent for morphological study and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The changes observed in imaging studies were consistent with gastric pythiosis. In cytology and histopathology, non-septate hyphae were identified, and in immunohistochemistry a strong positivity of anti-Pythium antibodies was observed, confirming the diagnosis of pythiosis. CONCLUSIONS: Pythiosis in dogs is diagnosed late and tends to evolve in the animal's death. The definitive diagnosis is by cytology, histology and immunohistochemistry.

Epidemiological findings and laboratory evaluation of sporotrichosis: a description of 103 cases in cats and dogs in southern Brazil.

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis, which affects mainly small animals, and is considered an important public health disease. This paper describes the epidemiological and laboratory characteristics of 103 clinical cases of sporotrichosis diagnosed over a 10-year period in southern Brazil. The 92 cats and 11 dogs from eight municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul State developed especially the disseminated cutaneous and fixed cutaneous forms of the disease. Respiratory signs such as sneezing, serous nasal discharge and dyspnea were found in about 57% of the animals. The detection of Sporothrix schenckii in different clinical samples showed highest isolation in testicles (46.6%), oral cavity (45.2%) and conjunctival mucosa (38.1%). A differentiated histological pattern was found between the fixed cutaneous and disseminated cutaneous (DC) manifestations of the disease; well-organized granulomas of nodular distribution and various fungal structures prevailed in the DC form in cats. Melanin detection in S. schenckii cells by the Fontana-Masson technique was positive in 45.4% of the samples. The study revealed that the State of Rio Grande do Sul is an endemic sporotrichosis area and demonstrated the possibility of involvement of other pathways in the infection and spread of the disease. In addition, it emphasized the importance of laboratory tests for mycosis confirmation, especially in dogs that develop clinical manifestations without the presence of cutaneous lesions.

Ultrastructural study of the mycelial phase of clinical isolates of Sporothrix schenckii obtained from feline, canine and human cases of sporotrichosis

Using transmission electron microscopy, we studied the presence of melanin and cell wall thickness of clinical isolates of Sporothrix schenckii obtained from cats, dogs and humans as compared to reference strains. We detected differences regarding presence of the melanin among the clinical isolates of S. schenckii and a correlation between presence of melanin and cell wall thickness.

Ultrastructural study of the mycelial phase of clinical isolates of Sporothrix schenckii obtained from feline, canine and human cases of sporotrichosis.

Using transmission electron microscopy, we studied the presence of melanin and cell wall thickness of clinical isolates of Sporothrix schenckii obtained from cats, dogs and humans as compared to reference strains. We detected differences regarding presence of the melanin among the clinical isolates of S. schenckii and a correlation between presence of melanin and cell wall thickness.

Análise morfológica e termotolerância de isolados clínicos e do ambiente de Sporothrix schenckii do sul do Brasil

Sporothrix schenckii is the etiological agent of the sporotrichosis in animals and humans being this mycosis of greatimportance in public health. Due to clinical, epidemiological and molecular differences described in other studies, this studyevaluated phenotypic and thermotolerance characteristics of 36 S. schenckii isolates from clinical cases of feline, canine andhuman sporotrichosis, four environmental isolates and two reference strains. Forty-two S. schenckii isolates from five townsof the south region of the Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil were utilized to phenotypic analyses, thermotolerance and conversion tothe yeast phase. Cultured isolates on lactrimel agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar added chloramphenicol and potato dextroseagar at 25 and 35oC showed differences in the colonies morphology and growth time (p=0,026) among reference strains and,clinical and environmental isolates. In the thermotolerance evaluation 26.2 % isolates were capable of growth at 41oC. Allisolates presented conversion to the yeast phase. Microscopic morphologies study showed statistical differences (p 0,01)among clinical isolates of felines and other species in relation to sessile pigmented and sympodial conidia. Our resultsdemonstrated morphological differences among S. schenckii clinical and environmental isolates of a same region and angreat probability of development of clinical forms disseminate

Presence of Toxocara canis eggs on the hair of dogs: a risk factor for Visceral Larva Migrans.

The close contact between dogs and humans poses a high risk of exposure to Toxocara canis eggs, which can lead to Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM) syndrome. The objective of this study was to investigate the existence of these nematode eggs on the hair of the perianal region in stray and owned dogs. Samples of hair from 104 dogs of different ages were collected: 25 (24%) were positive for T. canis eggs, with mean of 614.8 eggs per gram of hair. Puppies were responsible for 99% of the total number of eggs. The ages of the animal and hair length were factors that influenced the intensity of the observed eggs. This study showed that dog hair contaminated by T. canis eggs in different developmental stages represents a potential source of VLM infection for humans.