Identification of Partial Discharge Sources by Feature Extraction from a Signal Conditioning System.

This paper addresses the critical challenge of detecting, separating, and classifying partial discharges in substations. It proposes two solutions: the first involves developing a signal conditioning system to reduce the sampling requirements for PD detection and increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The second approach uses machine learning techniques to separate and classify PD based on features extracted from the conditioned signal. Three clustering algorithms (K-means, Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), and Mean-shift) and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method were used for signal separation and classification. The proposed system effectively reduced high-frequency components up to 50 MHz, improved the signal-to-noise ratio, and effectively separated different sources of partial discharges without losing relevant information. An accuracy of up to 93% was achieved in classifying the partial discharge sources. The successful implementation of the signal conditioning system and the machine learning-based signal separation approach opens avenues for more economical, scalable, and reliable PD monitoring systems.

Conhecimento dos profissionais da atenção primária à saude sobre segurança do paciente em Rondônia / Knowledge of primary health care professionals about patient safety in Rondônia / Conocimiento de los profesionales de atención primaria de salud sobre la seguridad del paciente en Rondônia

INTRODUÇÃO: O programa de Segurança do Paciente tem como principal objetivo a redução a um nível mínimo aceitável do risco de danos evitáveis associados à assistência em saúde. Visando qualificar esse cuidado na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), o Conselho Nacional de Secretários de Saúde tem desenvolvido a Planificação da Atenção à Saúde (PAS) com apoio de instituições de excelência e secretarias de saúde. OBJETIVO: Identificar o conhecimento dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde envolvidos na planificação acerca da segurança do paciente em Rondônia. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal conduzido no estado de Rondônia com profissionais e estudantes envolvidos na PAS que estiveram em um evento estadual nos dias 24 a 26 de agosto de 2022. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de formulário eletrônico em link e os dados foram analisados por meio do pacote estatístico Stata versão16. Este estudo faz parte do projeto matriz intitulado: Boas Práticas na Assistência ao Paciente, no Controle da Infecção e no Processamento de Produtos para a Saúde no Estado de Rondônia autorizado através do parecer número 3.771.377. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Do total de 160 participantes do evento, 90 indivíduos aceitaram participar deste estudo. Entre os achados, constatou-se 80,7% de conhecimento geral sobre o tema, sendo que mais de 75% dos participantes apresentaram conhecimento sobre os conceitos de segurança do paciente e quase 68% avaliaram corretamente as situações de segurança do paciente na APS. O menor nível de conhecimento foi referente às situações específicas. CONCLUSÃO: Esse estudo contribui para um diagnóstico situacional do conhecimento dos trabalhadores da APS que participam do projeto de PAS no estado de Rondônia, podendo ser utilizado para o planejamento de outras ações educativas com a temática de segurança do paciente neste estado e em outros com o mesmo perfil dos trabalhadores e organização dos serviços de saúde.

INTRODUCTION: The main objective of the Patient Safety program is to reduce the risk of avoidable harm associated with health care to an acceptable minimum level. Aiming to qualify this care in Primary Health Care (PHC), the National Council of Health Secretaries has developed the Health Care Plan (PAS) with the support of institutions of excellence and health secretariats. OBJECTIVE: To identify the knowledge of Primary Health Care professionals involved in planning about patient safety in Rondônia. METHOD: Cross-sectional study conducted in the state of Rondônia with professionals and students involved in the PAS who attended a state event from August 24 to 26, 2022. Data collection was performed using an electronic form in the link and the data were analyzed using the statistical package Stata version16. This study is part of the matrix project entitled: Good Practices in Patient Care, Infection Control and Processing of Health Products in the State of Rondônia authorized through opinion number 3,771,377. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Of the total of 160 participants in the event, 90 individuals agreed to participate in this study. Among the findings, there was 80.7% of general knowledge on the subject, with more than 75% of the participants having knowledge about patient safety concepts and almost 68% correctly assessing patient safety situations in PHC. The lowest level of knowledge was related to specific situations. CONCLUSION: This study contributes to a situational diagnosis of the knowledge of PHC workers who participate in the PAS project in the state of Rondônia, and can be used for the planning of other educational activities with the subject of patient safety in this state and in others with the aim of same profile of workers and organization of health services.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo principal del programa de Seguridad del Paciente es reducir el riesgo de daño evitable asociado con la atención médica a un nivel mínimo aceptable. Con el objetivo de calificar este cuidado en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS), el Consejo Nacional de Secretarías de Salud ha desarrollado el Plan de Atención a la Salud (PAS) con el apoyo de instituciones de excelencia y secretarías de salud. OBJETIVO: Identificar el conocimiento de los profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Salud involucrados en la planificación sobre la seguridad del paciente en Rondônia. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal realizado en el estado de Rondônia con profesionales y estudiantes involucrados en el PAS que asistieron a un evento estatal del 24 al 26 de agosto de 2022. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante un formulario electrónico en el enlace y los datos fueron analizados. utilizando el paquete estadístico Stata versión16. Este estudio forma parte del proyecto matriz titulado: Buenas Prácticas en Atención al Paciente, Control de Infecciones y Procesamiento de Productos de Salud en el Estado de Rondônia autorizado por dictamen número 3.771.377. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: Del total de 160 participantes en el evento, 90 personas aceptaron participar en este estudio. Entre los hallazgos, se encontró un 80,7% de conocimientos generales sobre el tema, siendo más del 75% de los participantes con conocimientos sobre conceptos de seguridad del paciente y casi el 68% valorando correctamente situaciones de seguridad del paciente en la APS. El nivel más bajo de conocimiento estaba relacionado con situaciones específicas. CONCLUSIÓN: Este estudio contribuye para un diagnóstico situacional del conocimiento de los trabajadores de la APS que participan del proyecto PAS en el estado de Rondônia, y puede ser utilizado para la planificación de otras actividades educativas con el tema de seguridad del paciente en este estado y en otros con el objetivo de igualar el perfil de los trabajadores y la organización de los servicios de salud.

Design and Application of a Metamaterial Superstrate on a Bio-Inspired Antenna for Partial Discharge Detection through Dielectric Windows.

The adaptation of dielectric windows as metamaterial superstrate over a bio-inspired Printed Monopole Antenna (PMA) was evaluated in order to improve the detection sensitivity of Ultra High Frequency (UHF) sensors designed for Partial Discharge (PD) measurement. For this purpose, rectangular and circular Split Ring Resonators (SRR) structures were designed and evaluated aiming to achieve a metamaterial superstrate that improves the characteristics of the bio-inspired PMA as the gain, bandwidth, and radiation pattern. Measurements of the PMA with metamaterial superstrate were carried out in an anechoic chamber and compared to the simulations performed. The results show that the metamaterial superstrate insertion did not impact the original operating bandwidth, covering most of the characteristic frequency range of PD activity. Moreover, this insertion resulted in a mean gain enhancement of 0.7 dBi regarding the reference PMA, resulting in an antenna with better sensitivity for PD detection (mean gain of 3.61 dBi). The PMA-metamaterial set PD detection sensitivity was evaluated through laboratory tests with a point-to-plane PD generator setup and in field with measurements from a 230 kV current transformer. The developed PMA-metamaterial set was able to detect, successfully, the activity of PD for both tests, being classified as an optimized sensor for PD detection through dielectric windows.

UHF Partial Discharge Location in PowerTransformers via Solution of the MaxwellEquations in a Computational Environment.

This paper presents an algorithm for the localisation of partial discharge (PD) sourcesin power transformers based on the electromagnetic waves radiated by a PD pulse. The proposedalgorithm is more accurate than existing methods, since it considers the effects of the reflection,refractions and diffractions undergone by the ultra-high frequency (UHF) signal within the equipmenttank. The proposed method uses computational simulations of the electromagnetic waves generatedby PD, and obtains the time delay of the signal between each point in the 3D space and the UHFsensors. The calculated signals can be compared with the signals measured in the field, so thatthe position of the PD source can be located based on the best correlation between the simulatedpropagation delay and the measured data. The equations used in the proposed method are definedas a 3D optimisation problem, so that the binary particle swarm optimisation algorithm can be used.To test and demonstrate the proposed algorithm, computational simulations were performed. Thesolutions were sufficient to identify not only the occurrence of defects, but also the winding and theregion (top, centre or base) in which the defect occurred. In all cases, an accuracy of greater than15 cm was obtained for the location, in a 180 MVA three-phase transformer.

Design and Development of a Bio-Inspired UHF Sensor for Partial Discharge Detection in Power Transformers.

In this paper, the design and development of a bio-inspired UHF sensor for partial discharge detection in power transformers is presented. The UHF sensor was developed for external use in dielectric windows of power transformers. For this purpose, a microstrip antenna was designed with a radiating element shape based on the leaf of the Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill plant. Then, an epoxy coating and an aluminium enclosure were developed to protect the antenna against corrosion and to provide mechanical support, external noise immunity, and a lifetime compatibility with power transformers. In order to verify the electrical parameters of the developed sensor, measurements of the gain and the reflection coefficient were performed in an anechoic chamber. Lastly, the antenna sensitivity for denominated partial discharge (PD) detection was compared with the IEC 60270 standard method. For this purpose, simultaneous tests were carried out in a partial discharge generator setup, composed of an oil cell with needle-plane electrodes. The experimental tests demonstrated the effectiveness of the sensor for detecting PD signals with apparent charge values higher than 35 pC.