Subject(s)
Analgesics/administration & dosage , Clonidine/administration & dosage , Pain/drug therapy , Administration, Cutaneous , Analgesics/adverse effects , Clonidine/adverse effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Tolerance , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Intensive Care, Neonatal/methods , Male , Neonatal Nursing , Risk Assessment , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/prevention & controlSubject(s)
Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gentamicins/administration & dosage , Gentamicins/adverse effects , Kidney Diseases/prevention & control , Kidney/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Male , Risk AssessmentSubject(s)
Benzyl Alcohol/pharmacology , Excipients/pharmacology , Propylene Glycol/pharmacology , Benzyl Alcohol/adverse effects , Consumer Product Safety , Excipients/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Male , Propylene Glycol/adverse effects , Risk Assessment , United StatesABSTRACT
The nurse administering any BZD--especially lorazepam--to a neonate must be knowledgeable about the drug's effects and risks and must remember that BZDs do not provide analgesia. The sedative effects of lorazepam will increase with concomitant use of opioids. The nurse must be alert for adverse reactions (Table 1). Close monitoring of the neonate's respiratory effort and blood pressure is important. Because of the various reported cases of myoclonus in neonates after lorazepam administration, close observation for seizure activity is imperative. Although lorazepam use may be beneficial in specific instances, administration should be approached with caution in the neonate (especially in the preterm neonate) and other agents considered.
Subject(s)
Anti-Anxiety Agents/administration & dosage , Anxiety/prevention & control , Lorazepam/administration & dosage , Anti-Anxiety Agents/adverse effects , Anxiety/drug therapy , Asphyxia Neonatorum/drug therapy , Asphyxia Neonatorum/nursing , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Lorazepam/adverse effects , Male , Neonatal Nursing/methods , Risk Assessment , Seizures/drug therapy , Seizures/nursing , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The greater survival rate of premature neonates has increased the use of various drugs, including diuretics, which may be used for a variety of clinical indications in neonates. Rational use of specific diuretics, including recognition of the potential complications, depends on adequate knowledge and clinical assessment by NICU nurses.
Subject(s)
Diuretics/therapeutic use , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Kidney/drug effects , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/drug therapy , Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use , Spironolactone/therapeutic use , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Neonatal NursingSubject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Erythromycin/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Chlamydia Infections/drug therapy , Drug Interactions , Drug Monitoring , Erythromycin/pharmacology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Mycoplasma Infections/drug therapy , Neonatal Nursing/methods , Patient SelectionABSTRACT
Increasing numbers of neonates are receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). ECMO is an invasive, lifesaving technique used to treat respiratory failure when other technologies have failed. The pharmacokinetics of various drugs administered during ECMO are unclear. Drug clearance is altered during ECMO. Evidence exists for binding of multiple drugs to the ECMO circuit tubing. Also, the administration route of medications to neonates on ECMO varies, potentially impacting drug disposition. Questions exist regarding the effect technical components of ECMO might have on drug pharmacokinetics. Because little clinical information is available, nurses must have a heightened awareness of drug effects and the potential for untoward events while administering medications to neonates receiving ECMO This article reviews what is currently known regarding ECMO and pharmacotherapy.
