[The use of proteases for enhancing the sensitivity of detecting ABO system antigens by an absorption-elution reaction in blood stains]. / Primenenie proteaz dlia povysheniia chuvstvitel'nosti vyiavleniia antigenov sistemy ABO reaktsiei absorptsii-éliutsii v sledakh krovi.

The sensitivity of the absorption-elution test (AET) for the detection of A, B, and H antigens in blood traces can be appreciably increased by using serologically active proteases at different stages of the test. A sensitive AET modification is developed, detecting group antigens in far lesser amounts of the material than by routine AET without proteases. A higher sensitivity of the antigen-antibody reaction between enzyme-treated erythrocytes and tested blood traces permits the use of standard group-specific sera less active than usually; the actually solves the problem of deficit of the sera fit for this test.

[The frequency of ABO blood groups and the expression of group antigens and isohemagglutinins in Syrian Arabs]. / Chastota grupp krovi ABO, vyrazhennost' gruppovykh antigenov i izogemaggliutininov u arabov Sirii.

Syrian Arabs more often have blood groups A and 0 (46.25 and 37.50%, respectively) and less frequently group B (13.13%) than Slavs; group AB occurs in Arabs almost twice more rarely than in Slavs and is a rare blood group for them (3.12%). On the whole, the expression of group antigens A and B and isohemagglutinins alpha and beta is normal in Arabs. Antigen H of group 0(I) is an exclusion: it is expressed in Arabs much more intensively than in a control group of Slavs (residents of Kiev). The cause of very high titers of group antibodies in an appreciable part of residents of Kiev is unclear.

[The use of proteases for enhancing the sensitivity of reactions to detect group isohemagglutinins in the forensic medical study of blood stains]. / Primenenie proteaz dlia povysheniia chuvstvitel'nosti reaktsii vyiavleniia gruppovykh izogemaggliutininov pri sudebno-meditsinskom issledovanii sledov krovi.

Group a and b isohemagglutinins are much better detected in blood stains by enzyme-treated, but not native red cells. This is specially true for antibodies of poorly dissolved strains, whose group antibodies can be detected virtually only by enzyme-treated red cells in papain extracts possessing the highest immunological activity. Two sensitive methods for the detection of isohemagglutinins have been developed: extract titration and modified Lattes' method, permitting a reliable detection of group antibodies in old blood stains, undetectable by routine methods.