Conhecimento dos enfermeiros antes e após um programa educativo, sobre prevenção de quedas na população idosa em contexto comunitário / Knowledge of nurses before and after an educational program on prevention of falls in elderly population in a community context

Introduction: In good organizational practice, health professionals should be provided with training programs for fall prevention. Aims: To evaluate the impact of an educational program for nurses on the prevention of falls in the elderly population in a community context. Method: This study supports the intervention phase of an Action-Research investigation. Was implemented a training program, with two steps: sensitization (S) and formation (F) held in a group of North Health Centers of Portugal. In the S step, 154 professionals from different areas participated. In the F step, 67 nurses participated. The S step occurred between February and March of 2017. The satisfaction of the training was assesseded. The F step enrolled five sessions, performed between May and June 2017. The target group of this stage were only nurses. In addition to the assessment of training satisfaction, a questionnaire was useded (pre-test). We used descriptive analysis and comparison of means using the IBM SPSS 25.0 software. The Ethics Committee for North Health centers (nº 97/2014) approved the study. Results: In the S step, were represented all the professional areas, but the physi-cians (43.8%) were more representative. In F step, the sample of nurses is mostly female (80.6%), with an age between 32-60 years. The professional activity years of nurses vary between 8 and 36 years. In the overall assessment of training satisfaction, it was verified that the training dimension (mean 3.71 and mean 3.67), respectively in sessions 3 and 5, was the most valued. Conclusion: The program revealed improvement in nurses' knowledge

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Factores de riesgo de caída en la comunidad:basado en auto-reporte de personas mayores / Risk factors for falls in the community: based on self-report of elderly persons

Introduction: Several studies have shown independent risk factors for falling among community older people. However, there is few researches showing the importance of older person's perception of their own fall risk. Aims: The study purpose was to identify independent risk factors for falls and to explore predictive factors related to the occurrence of falls in community-dwelling older people. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2015. All data were based on self-report of older persons. An study-specific questionnaire was used. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were used. Results: The sample comprised 562 men and 760 women. Among the participants, 24.5% reported having had falls in the previous six months, scoring a total of 467 falling events. Of the individuals who had fallen, 36.8% had experienced recurrent falls. The risk of fall was nearly twice as high in women than in men (OR=1.85; 95% CI: 1.40-2.43). Being 75 years old or older was associated with an increased risk of falling compared with being 65-74 years old (OR=2.38; 95% CI:1.82-3.11). The elderly who had fallen reported injuries (48.3%) associated with falls, and 36% required heal-th care. Conclusion: Six independent risk factors for falling into the community dwelling older people were identified, some of which are potentially modifiable

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Non-pharmacologicalinterventions in the control of urinary incontinence and the instruments that allow the diagnosis: integrative review / Intervenções não farmacológicas no controle da incontinência urinária e os instrumentos que permitam o seu diagnóstico: revisão integrativa

Introduction: Urinary incontinence is a major health problem resulting in physical, psychological and social changes with economic repercussions on the health system. Is a multifactorial condition associated with age-related changes and disorders of the genitourinary system, which corroborates the fact that it is the most often recurring geriatric syndrome. Aims: To identify non-pharmacological interventions for adults with urinary incontinence and to identify tools for urinary incontinence diagnosis in adults. Method: An integrative review study design was completed. Two electronic databases was search (MEDLINE and Web of Science). Three independent reviewers searched databases according to a predetermine inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Twelve articles were included in the review. Eleven articles mentioned non-pharmacological interventions, such as physical therapies, lifestyle strategies, behavioural therapies and alternative conservative management options. These interventions should be targeted and individualized to the type of incontinence to result in health gains for the population. One article mentioned an assessment tool for urinary incontinence - The Gaudenz-Fragebogen tool. The evaluation tools can help to systematize the diagnostic activity and consequently improve the clinical practice in the field of urinary incontinence. Conclusion: In care conception, nurses should target their interventions to personal data to address individual symptoms and use assessment tools that can help in the differential diagnosis of UI. Then, to advancing the quality and rigor of nursing care, we advocate that providing nurses with skills in attaining a differential diagnosis of UI presents an added value to the improvement of quality of care in a multidisciplinary context

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Impacte de um programa de exercício físico na capacidade funcional de idosos institucionalizados / Impact of a physical exercise program on the functional capacity of the institutionalized elderly

Introduction: Preventive, promotion and rehabilitation actions such as physical exercise have been able to improve the functional capacity of the institutionalized elderly. Aims: To evaluate the impact of a physical exercise program on the functional capacity of institutionalized elderly. Method: Quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design, without control group, with pre and post intervention evaluation, in a convenience sample of 23 elderly. The instrument for data collection was the form with outcome and independent variables. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto. Results: The majority are female (60.9%), with a mean age of 82.4 years and a high prevalence of cerebrovascular disease (91.3%). ¾ of the sample (74%) is polymedicated. The occurrence of falls in the last 12 months was low (13%). There was a significant improvement in joint amplitude and muscular strength in all movements and joints of the upper and lower limbs. Palmar grip strength improved in both hands. A better performance was observed in the implementation of POMA I, and the number of risk-free elderly people with a high risk of falls increased. The repercussion of improvements in self-care capacity was not effective in some domains, although the mean scores obtained showed a slight improvement trend. Of the psychosocial effects, most participants (60.9%) agreed that they improved health and mood. Conclusions: The physical exercise program implemented to institutionalized elderly, without cognitive deficit, improved the functional and psychosocial capacity

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