Efeitos de uma intervenção analítico-comportamental com casal de namorados / Effects of a behavior analytic intervention with lovers

Estudar o relacionamento conjugal e a avaliação da efetividade de intervenções com casais pode promover as habilidades de comunicação, afeto e resolução de problemas. Pesquisas com casais de namorados na literatura são incipientes e acredita-se que ampliar tais comportamentos pode ajudar esses casais. O presente estudo de caso avalia uma intervenção (quatro sessões de avaliação e dez sessões de grupo) com um casal de namorados num delineamento de sujeito único, considerando medidas de linha de base, pré-teste, pós-teste e seguimento, combinado com medidas processuais de expectativa e satisfação com o procedimento conduzido. Os resultados demonstram satisfação com o tratamento, generalização para outros relacionamentos e melhoria do relacionamento em comunicação, afeto e resolução de problemas. Discute-se implicações para a prevenção e futuras pesquisas (AU)

Efeitos de uma intervenção analítico-comportamental com casal de namorados / Effects of a behavior analytic intervention with lovers

Estudar o relacionamento conjugal e a avaliação da efetividade de intervenções com casais pode promover as habilidades de comunicação, afeto e resolução de problemas. Pesquisas com casais de namorados na literatura são incipientes e acredita-se que ampliar tais comportamentos pode ajudar esses casais. O presente estudo de caso avalia uma intervenção (quatro sessões de avaliação e dez sessões de grupo) com um casal de namorados num delineamento de sujeito único, considerando medidas de linha de base, pré-teste, pós-teste e seguimento, combinado com medidas processuais de expectativa e satisfação com o procedimento conduzido. Os resultados demonstram satisfação com o tratamento, generalização para outros relacionamentos e melhoria do relacionamento em comunicação, afeto e resolução de problemas. Discute-se implicações para a prevenção e futuras pesquisas

The study of the marital relationship and of the evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions with couples can promote communication skills, affection and problem solving. Researches with dating couples are incipient on the literature, and it is believed that extending such behaviors can help those couples. The present case study evaluates an intervention (four evaluation sessions and ten sessions of group) with dating couples, in the design of a single subject, considering measures baseline, pretest, posttest and follow-up, combined with procedural measures of expectation and satisfaction with the procedure conducted. The results show satisfaction with treatment, generalization to other relationships and improvement of the relationship as communication, affection and problem solving. Implications are discussed for future prevention and researches

Production and properties of xylanases from Aspergillus terricola Marchal and Aspergillus ochraceus and their use in cellulose pulp bleaching.

Aspergillus terricola and Aspergillus ochraceus, isolated from Brazilian soil, were cultivated in Vogel and Adams media supplemented with 20 different carbon sources, at 30 degrees C, under static conditions, for 120 and 144 h, respectively. High levels of cellulase-free xylanase were produced in birchwood or oat spelt xylan-media. Wheat bran was the most favorable agricultural residue for xylanase production. Maximum activity was obtained at 60 degrees C and pH 6.5 for A. terricola, and 65 degrees C and pH 5.0 for A. ochraceus. A. terricola xylanase was stable for 1 h at 60 degrees C and retained 50% activity after 80 min, while A. ochraceus xylanase presented a t(50) of 10 min. The xylanases were stable in an alkali pH range. Biobleaching of 10 U/g dry cellulose pulp resulted in 14.3% delignification (A. terricola) and 36.4% (A. ochraceus). The brightness was 2.4-3.4% ISO higher than the control. Analysis in SEM showed defibrillation of the microfibrils. Arabinase traces and beta-xylosidase were detected which might act synergistically with xylanase.

Xylanases from Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus niveus and Aspergillus ochraceus produced under solid-state fermentation and their application in cellulose pulp bleaching.

This study describes the production of xylanases from Aspergillus niveus, A. niger, and A. ochraceus under solid-state fermentation using agro-industrial residues as substrates. Enzyme production was improved using a mixture of wheat bran and yeast extract or peptone. When a mixture of corncob and wheat bran was used, xylanase production from A. niger and A. ochraceus increased by 18%. All cultures were incubated at 30 degrees C at 70-80% relative humidity for 96 h. For biobleaching assays, 10 or 35 U of xylanase/g dry cellulose pulp were incubated at pH 5.5 for 1 or 2 h, at 55 degrees C. The delignification efficiency was 20%, the brightness (percentage of ISO) increased two to three points and the viscosity was maintained confirming the absence of cellulolytic activity. These results indicated that the use of xylanases could help to reduce the amount of chlorine compounds used in cellulose pulp treatment.

Evidence of thermostable amylolytic activity from Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis using wheat bran and corncob as alternative carbon source.

Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis produced high levels of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase under solid state fermentation, with several agricultural residues, such as wheat bran, cassava flour, sugar cane bagasse, rice straw, corncob and crushed corncob as carbon sources. These materials were humidified with distilled water, tap water, or saline solutions--Segato Rizzatti (SR), Khanna or Vogel. The best substrate for amylase production was wheat bran with SR saline solution (1:2 v/v). Amylolytic activity was still improved (14.3%) with a mixture of wheat bran, corncob, starch and SR saline solution (1:1:0.3:4.6 w/w/w/v). The optimized culture conditions were initial pH 5, at 45 degrees C during 6 days and relative humidity around 76%. The crude extract exhibited temperature and pH optima around 65 degrees C and 4-5, respectively. Amylase activity was fully stable for 1 h at temperatures up to 75 degrees C, and at pH values between 2.5 and 7.5.