The importance of endobag use with incision-protective devices in VATS lung resection: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: The advent of new techniques such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for the removal of lung segments leads to compression of the surgical specimen, with the possible dissemination of neoplastic cells. The sheer volume of surgeries performed using these techniques has caused many institutions to stop removing the surgical specimen using an endobag, even when retractors/protectors are used in the instrumentalization incision. This study aimed to collect data from patients undergoing lung resection by VATS and analyze the cytopathological results of the collected material. RESULTS: A total of 47 endobag fluid samples were collected from patients who underwent VATS. The surgical specimen was subjected to histopathological analysis, and all patients underwent pathological TNM staging. In the cytopathological analyses, only 2 (4.3%) specimens of endobag fluid aspirate were positive for neoplastic cells. In these two cases, the tumors were peripheral, both with diagnoses of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and with classifications of T1bN0M0 and T3N0M0. These results indicate that although there is a low incidence of tumor cells in endobag fluid, it is always better to perform surgery using all available protective measures to avoid tumor implantation in the thoracic cavity to the greatest extent possible.

Training Effects of the FIFA 11+ Kids on Physical Performance in Youth Football Players: A Randomized Control Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the training effects of the FIFA 11+ kids on several parameters of physical performance in male youth football players. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three youth players were randomized within each team into two groups (control vs. intervention). The intervention group performed the FIFA 11+ kids programme 2 times a week for 4 weeks; the control groups completed their normal warm-up routines. Thirteen physical performance measures {range of motion (hip, knee, and ankle joints), dynamic postural control (measured throughout the Y balance test), 20 m sprint time, slalom dribble with a ball, agility, vertical jumping height [counter movement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ)], horizontal jump distance, accuracy when volleying a ball [measured throughout the Wall Volley test]} were assessed. All physical performance parameters were compared via magnitude-based inference analysis. RESULTS: Significant between-group differences in favor of the FIFA 11+ players were found for dynamic postural control {anterior [mean and 90% confidence intervals (CI) = 1 cm, from -1.6 to 3.5 cm] and posteromedial (mean and 90% CI = 5.1 cm, from -1.8 to 12 cm) and posterolateral (mean and 90% CI = 4.8 cm, from 0.6 to 9.0 cm) distances}, agility run (mean and 90% CI = 0.5 s, from -0.9 to 0 s), vertical jump height [CMJ (mean and 90% CI = 3.1 cm, from 0.2 to 6.1 cm) and DJ (mean and 90% CI = 1.7 cm, from -0.5 to 3.9 cm)], and horizontal jump distance (mean and 90% CI = 2.5 cm, from -8 to 15 cm). The control groups showed better performance in 20 m sprint time (mean and 90% CI = -0.05 s, from -0.11 to 0.07) and wall volley tests (mean and 90% CI = 0.2, from -0.2 to 0.6) compared to the intervention group. CONCLUSION: The main findings of this study suggest that just 4 weeks of implementation of the FIFA 11+ kids produces improved physical performance compared with traditional warm-up routines in youth soccer players.

Prognostic factors of weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy: Multi centre study in Spain and Portugal. / Factores predictivos de pérdida ponderal tras la gastrectomía vertical. Estudio multicéntrico hispano-portugués.

INTRODUCTION: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has become a technique in its own right although a selective or global indication remains controversial. The weight loss data at 5 years are heterogeneous. The aim of the study is to identify possible prognostic factors of insufficient weight loss after SG. METHODS: A SG retrospective multicenter study of more than one year follow-up was performed. Failure is considered if EWL>50%. Univariate and multivariate study of Cox regression were performed to identify prognostic factors of failure of weight loss at 1, 2 and 3 years of follow up. RESULTS: A total of 1,565 patients treated in 29 hospitals are included. PSP per year: 70.58±24.7; 3 years 69.39±29.2; 5 years 68.46±23.1. Patients with EWL<50 (considered failure): 17.1% in the first year, 20.1% at 3 years, 20.8% at 5 years. Variables with influence on the weight loss failure in univariate analysis were: BMI>50kg/m2, age>50years, DM2, hypertension, OSA, heart disease, multiple comorbidities, distance to pylorus> 4cm, bougie>40F, treatment with antiplatelet agents. The reinforcement of the suture improved results. In multivariate study DM2 and BMI are independent factors of failure. CONCLUSION: The SG associates a satisfactory weight loss in 79% of patients in the first 5 years; however, some variables such as BMI>50, age>50, the presence of several comorbidities, more than 5cm section of the pylorus or bougie>40F can increase the risk of weight loss failure.

Factores predictivos de pérdida ponderal tras la gastrectomia vertical. Estudio multicéntrico hispano-portugués / Prognostic factors of weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy: Multicenter study in Spain and Portugal

INTRODUCCIÓN: La gastrectomía vertical (GV) se ha convertido en una técnica con entidad propia cuya indicación selectiva o global sigue siendo objeto de controversia. Los resultados ponderales a 5 años son heterogéneos. El objetivo del estudio es identificar posibles factores pronósticos de pérdida de peso insuficiente tras GV. MÉTODOS: Estudio multicéntrico retrospectivo de GV con seguimiento mayor de un año. Se considera fracaso si el PSP < 50%. Se realiza estudio univariado y multivariado de regresión de Cox para determinar los factores que influyen en el fracaso ponderal a 1, 2 y 3 años de seguimiento. RESULTADOS: Se incluye a 1.565 pacientes intervenidos en 29 hospitales. PSP al año: 70,58 ± 24,8; a los 3 años 69,39 ± 29,2; a los 5 años 68,46 ± 23,1. Pacientes con PSP <50 (considerado fracaso ponderal): 17,1% en el primer año, 20,1% a 3 años, 20,8% a 5 años. Las variables que mostraron relación con el fracaso ponderal en el estudio univariado fueron: IMC > 50 kg/m2, edad > 50 años, DM2, HTA, SAOS, cardiopatía, varias comorbilidades asociadas, distancia a píloro > 5 cm, bujía >40 F, tratamiento con antiagregantes. La sobresutura mejora los resultados. Las variables que mostraron ser factores predictivos de fracaso en el seguimiento fueron la DM2 y el IMC. CONCLUSIÓN: La GV asocia una pérdida de peso satisfactoria en el 79% de los pacientes en los primeros 5 años; sin embargo, algunas variables como el IMC > 50, la DM2, la edad > 50, la presencia de varias comorbilidades, la sección a más de 4cm del píloro o la bujía > 40 F pueden aumentar el riesgo de fracaso ponderal

INTRODUCTION: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has become a technique in its own right although a selective or global indication remains controversial. The weight loss data at 5 years are heterogeneous. The aim of the study is to identify possible prognostic factors of insufficient weight loss after SG. METHODS: A SG retrospective multicenter study of more than one year follow-up was performed. Failure is considered if EWL > 50%. Univariate and multivariate study of Cox regression were performed to identify prognostic factors of failure of weight loss at 1, 2 and 3 years of follow up. RESULTS: A total of 1,565 patients treated in 29 hospitals are included. PSP per year: 70.58 ± 24.7; 3 years 69.39 ± 29.2; 5 years 68.46 ± 23.1. Patients with EWL< 50 (considered failure): 17.1% in the first year, 20.1% at 3 years, 20.8% at 5 years. Variables with influence on the weight loss failure in univariate analysis were: BMI > 50 kg/m2, age > 50 years, DM2, hypertension, OSA, heart disease, multiple comorbidities, distance to pylorus> 4cm, bougie > 40F, treatment with antiplatelet agents. The reinforcement of the suture improved results. In multivariate study DM2 and BMI are independent factors of failure. CONCLUSION: The SG associates a satisfactory weight loss in 79% of patients in the first 5 years; however, some variables such as BMI > 50, age > 50, the presence of several comorbidities, more than 5 cm section of the pylorus or bougie > 40F can increase the risk of weight loss failure

Training Effects of the FIFA 11+ and Harmoknee on Several Neuromuscular Parameters of Physical Performance Measures.

The main purpose of this study was to analyse the training effects of the FIFA 11+ and Harmoknee on several parameters of physical performance measures in youth amateur football players. 41 adolescent players were randomised within each team into 2 groups (team 1: control vs. FIFA 11+; team 2: control vs. Harmoknee). The FIFA 11+ and Harmoknee groups performed the program 3 times a week for 4 weeks; the control groups completed their usual warm-up routines. 13 physical performance measures (joint range of motion, dynamic postural control, single legged hop limb symmetry, sprint time, jumping height and agility) were assessed. All physical performance parameters were compared via a magnitude-based inference analysis. Significant between-group differences (in favour of the FIFA 11+ players) were found for dynamic postural control (anterior [2.5%] and posteromedial [7.2%] distances), single legged hop limb symmetry (side-to-side symmetry during a triple hop test [8.3%]), 10 (8.4%) and 20 (1.8%) m sprint times and jumping height (9.1%) neuromuscular outcomes. For the Harmoknee, significant differences (in comparison to its paired control group) were found only for 10 (2.7%) and 20 (2.9%) m sprint times and jumping height (9.7%). Therefore, the main findings of this study suggest exchanging traditional warm-up programmes for the FIFA 11+ in male youth soccer players based on its superior effects on some neuromuscular parameters (sprinting, jumping and stability) of physical performance.

Acute Effects of Three Neuromuscular Warm-Up Strategies on Several Physical Performance Measures in Football Players.

No studies have analysed the acute effects of the FIFA 11+ and Harmoknee warm-up programmes on major physical performance measures. The aim of this study was to analyse the acute (post-exercise) effects of the FIFA 11+, Harmoknee and dynamic warm-up routines on several physical performance measures in amateur football players. A randomized, crossover and counterbalanced study design was used to address the purpose of this study. A total of sixteen amateur football players completed the following protocols in a randomized order on separate days: a) FIFA 11+; b) Harmoknee; and c) dynamic warm-up (DWU). In each experimental session, 19 physical performance measures (joint range of motion, hamstring to quadriceps [H/Q] strength ratios, dynamic postural control, 10 and 20 m sprint times, jump height and reactive strength index) were assessed. Measures were compared via a magnitude-based inference analysis. The results of this study showed no main effects between paired comparisons (FIFA 11+ vs. DWU, Harmoknee vs. DWU and Harmoknee vs. FIFA 11+) for joint range of motions, dynamic postural control, H/Q ratios, jumping height and reactive strength index measures. However, significant main effects (likely effects with a probability of >75-99%) were found for 10 (1.7%) and 20 (2.4%) m sprint times, demonstrating that both the FIFA 11+ and Harmoknee resulted in slower sprint times in comparison with the DWU. Therefore, neither the FIFA 11+ nor the Harmoknee routines appear to be preferable to dynamic warm-up routines currently performed by most football players prior to training sessions and matches.

Prognostic Factors for Morbimortality in Sleeve Gastrectomy. The Importance of the Learning Curve. A Spanish-Portuguese Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND: Complications in sleeve gastrectomy (SG) can cast a shadow over the technique's good results and compromise its safety. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for complications, and especially those that can potentially be modified to improve safety. METHODS: A retrospective multicenter cohort study was carried out, involving the participation of 29 hospitals. Data was collected on demographic variables, associated comorbidities, technical modifications, the surgeon's experience, and postoperative morbimortality. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out on risk factors (RFs) for the complications of leak/fistula, hemoperitoneum, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and death. RESULTS: The following data were collected for 2882 patients: age, 43.85 ± 11.6. 32.9 % male; BMI 47.22 ± 8.79; 46.2 % hypertensive; 29.2 % diabetes2; 18.2 % smokers; bougie calibre ≥40 F 11.1 %; complications 11.7 % (2.8 % leaks, 2.7 % hemoperitoneum, 1.1 % pneumonia, 0.2 % pulmonary embolism); and death 0.6 %. RFs for complications were as follows: surgeon's experience < 20 patients, OR 1.72 (1.32-2.25); experience > 100 patients, OR 0.78 (0.69-0.87); DM2, OR1.48(1.12-1.95); probe > 40 F, OR 0.613 (0.429-0.876). Leak RFs were the following: smoking, OR1.93 (1.1-3.41); surgeon's experience < 20 patients, OR 2.4 (1.46-4.16); experience of 20-50 patients, OR 2.5 (1.3-4.86); experience >100 patients, OR 0.265 (0.11-0.63); distance to pylorus > 4 cm, OR 0.510 (0.29-0.91). RFs for death were as follows: smoking, OR 8.64 (2.63-28.34); DM2, OR 3.25 (1.1-9.99); distance to pylorus < 5 cm, OR 6.62 (1.63-27.02). CONCLUSIONS: The safety of SG may be compromised by nonmodifiable factors such as age >65, patient comorbidities (DM2, hypertension), and prior treatment with anticoagulants, as well as by modifiable factors such as smoking, bougie size <40 F, distance to the pylorus <4 cm, and the surgeon's experience (<50-100 cases).

¿Es rentable operar a los obesos mórbidos en tiempos de crisis? Análisis coste-beneficio de la cirugía bariátrica / Is the morbid obesity surgery profitable in times of crisis? A cost-benefit analysis of bariatric surgery

La obesidad mórbida es un problema grave de salud de prevalencia creciente que asocia costosas comorbilidades y reduce la supervivencia. La cirugía bariátrica (CB) además de resolver las comorbilidades (86,6% diabetes tipo 2; 79% riesgo cardiovascular; 83,6% apnea del sueño; 61,7% hipertensión arterial), reducir la mortalidad entre un 31-40% y aumentar la supervivencia de los obesos mórbidos 10 años, supone un importante ahorro al Sistema Nacional de Salud. Los obesos consumen un 20% más de recursos sanitarios y un 68% más de fármacos. La CB requiere una inversión inicial (grupos relacionados por diagnóstico: 7.468 €) que se recupera en un ratio coste-efectividad de 2,5 años y se consigue un ahorro significativo a partir del 3.er año. A la reducción directa de costes sanitarios se debería sumar el aumento en la recaudación de impuestos por reducción del 18% de paro y bajas y el aumento del 57% de la productividad de autónomos. La CB es una de las intervenciones más rentables del Sistema Nacional de Salud

Morbid obesity is a serious health problem whose prevalence is increasing. Expensive co-morbidities are associated to these patients, as well as a reduction in the survival. Bariatric surgery resolves the co-morbidities (type 2 diabetes mellitus, 86.6%; cardiovascular risk, 79.0%; obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, 83.6%; hypertension, 61.7%), reduces the mortality rate (among 31-40%), and increases the morbid obese patients survival over a 10-years period. It provides significant savings for the National Health System. The obese patients consume a 20% plus of health resources and 68% plus of drugs than general population. Bariatric surgery requires an initial investment (diagnosis-related group cost: 7,468 €), but it is recovered in a cost-effectiveness ratio of 2.5 years. Significant savings are obtained from the third year. To the direct economic benefits associated with reduced health expenditures it should be added an increase in tax collection (sick leave and unemployment reduction is estimated in 18%, with a productivity increase of 57% for self-employed people). Bariatric surgery is one of the most cost-effective procedures in the healthcare system

[Is the morbid obesity surgery profitable in times of crisis? A cost-benefit analysis of bariatric surgery]. / ¿Es rentable operar a los obesos mórbidos en tiempos de crisis? Análisis coste-beneficio de la cirugía bariátrica.

Morbid obesity is a serious health problem whose prevalence is increasing. Expensive co-morbidities are associated to these patients, as well as a reduction in the survival. Bariatric surgery resolves the co-morbidities (type 2 diabetes mellitus, 86.6%; cardiovascular risk, 79.0%; obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, 83.6%; hypertension, 61.7%), reduces the mortality rate (among 31-40%), and increases the morbid obese patients survival over a 10-years period. It provides significant savings for the National Health System. The obese patients consume a 20% plus of health resources and 68% plus of drugs than general population. Bariatric surgery requires an initial investment (diagnosis-related group cost: 7,468 €), but it is recovered in a cost-effectiveness ratio of 2.5 years. Significant savings are obtained from the third year. To the direct economic benefits associated with reduced health expenditures it should be added an increase in tax collection (sick leave and unemployment reduction is estimated in 18%, with a productivity increase of 57% for self-employed people). Bariatric surgery is one of the most cost-effective procedures in the healthcare system.

Perfil del inmigrante con infección por el VIH en la ciudad de Alicante / No disponible

Introducción: En España está adquiriendo importancia creciente los casos de infección por el VIH en personas de otros países. El objetivo es analizar las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y demográficas de los inmigrantes con infección por el VIH en la ciudad de Alicante. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, en pacientes inmigrantes con infección por el VIH, entre enero 2000 y diciembre 2006.Resultados: Se estudiaron 69 pacientes, la mayoría de Latinoamérica y de África Subsahariana. Edad media: 37 años; 61% varones, siendo las mujeres más frecuentes en la población subsahariana (p = 0,009). Estancia media en España: 32 meses. La infección por VIH era no conocida en el 91,3% de subsaharianos (p = 0,003). Estadio C: 30%, sin diferencias según origen. Vía de transmisión sexual: 92%. La tuberculosis fue la enfermedad diagnóstica de SIDA más frecuente, sobre todo en pacientes de Europa del Este (p = 0,03). Abandono de seguimiento del 17%, la mayoría subsaharianos (p = 0,04).Conclusión: En los inmigrantes la vía de transmisión principal de la infección por el VIH es sexual. La proporción de mujeres, el desconocimiento de la enfermedad y el abandono fue mayor en los pacientes subsaharianos (AU)

Introduction: In Spain, cases of HIV infection in people from other countries are gaining increasing importance. The objective of this study is to analyse the clinical, epidemiological and demographic characteristics of the immigrants with HIV infection in Alicante city. Methods: Retrospective study performed at the General Universitary Hospital of Alicante, in immigrant patients with HIV infection between January 2000 and December 2006.Results: 69 patients were studied. The mainly origin was Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa. Mean age: 37 years; 61% males, but there were a higher percentage of women in the sub-Saharan people (p=0.009). The mean stay in Spain: 32 months. HIV infection was ignored in 91.3% of the sub-saharan patients (p=0.003). C stage: 30%, without differences in geographical origin variable. Sexual transmission of HIV infection: 92%. Tuberculosis was the diagnostic disease of AIDS more frequent, above all in East Europe patients (p=0.03). The percentage of follow up left was 17%, especially sub-saharan patients (p=0.04).Conclusion: In immigrants the main route of HIV transmission is sexual. No differences were found in clinical stage between different geographical origins. More women, ignorance of illness and left follow up were mainly in sub-saharan people. Tuberculosis was more prevalentin East Europe patients (AU)

Mapping utility scores from a disease-specific quality-of-life measure in bariatric surgery patients.

OBJECTIVES: To develop algorithms for a conversion of disease-specific quality-of-life into health state values for morbidly obese patients before or after bariatric surgery. METHODS: A total of 893 patients were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional multicenter study. In addition to demographic and clinical data, health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) data were collected using the disease-specific Moorehead-Ardelt II questionnaire (MA-II) and two generic questionnaires, the EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) and the Short Form-6D (SF-6D). Multiple regression models were constructed to predict EQ-5D- and SF-6D-based utility values from MA-II scores and additional demographic variables. RESULTS: The mean body mass index was 39.4, and 591 patients (66%) had already undergone surgery. The average EQ-5D and SF-6D scores were 0.830 and 0.699. The MA-IIwas correlated to both utility measures (Spearman's r = 0.677 and 0.741). Goodness-of-fit was highest (R(2) = 0.55 in the validation sample) for the following item-based transformation algorithm: utility (MA-II-based) = 0.4293 + (0.0336 x MA1) + (0.0071 x MA2) + (0.0053 x MA3) + (0.0107 x MA4) + (0.0001 x MA5). This EQ-5D-based mapping algorithm outperformed a similar SF-6D-based algorithm in terms of mean absolute percentage error (P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Because the mapping algorithm estimated utilities with only minor errors, it appears to be a valid method for calculating health state values in cost-utility analyses. The algorithm will help to define the role of bariatric surgery in morbid obesity.

Validity of the Czech, German, Italian, and Spanish version of the Moorehead-Ardelt II questionnaire in patients with morbid obesity.

BACKGROUND: The Moorehead-Ardelt II (MA-II) questionnaire is the most frequently applied instrument to assess quality of life (QoL) in bariatric surgery patients. Our aim was to validate the Czech, German, Italian, and Spanish version of the MA-II. METHODS: A total of 893 patients were enroled in a prospective cross-sectional European study. Two thirds of the patients(n = 591) were postsurgical cases. In addition to demographicand clinical data, QoL data was collected using the MA-II questionnaire, the EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D), and the Short Form 36 Health Survery (SF-36). Statistical parameters for contingency (Cronbach's alpha), construct and criterion validity(Pearson's r), and responsiveness (standardised effect sizes) were calculated for each language version. RESULTS: In the different languages, Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.817 to 0.885 for the MA-II. These values were higher than those obtained for the SF-36 (0.418-0.607). The MA-II was well correlated to the EQ-5D (r = 0.662) and to 3 of the 8 health domains of the SF-36 (0.615, 0.548, and 0.569 for physical functioning,physical role, and general health, respectively). As expected, there was a negative correlation between the MA-II and the BMI (r = -0.404 for all patients), but no significant correlation with age was found.When comparing both the heaviest and the lightest third of the patients, mean responsiveness was higher for the MA-II (-1.138) than for the domains of the SF-36 (range -0.111 to -1.070) and the EQ-5D (-0.874). CONCLUSION: The Czech, German, Italian, and Spanish version of the MA-II questionnaire are valid instruments and should be preferred to generic questionnaires as they provide better responsiveness.

Macromolecular properties of cepacian in water and in dimethylsulfoxide.

Cepacian is the exopolysaccharide produced by the majority of the so far investigated clinical strains of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. This is a group of nine closely related bacterial species that might cause serious lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients, in some cases leading to death. In this paper the aggregation ability and the conformational properties of cepacian chain were investigated to understand its role in biofilm formation. Viscosity and atomic force microscopy studies in water and in mixed (dimethylsulfoxide/water) solvent indicated the formation of double stranded molecular structures in aqueous solutions. Inter-residue short distances along cepacian chain were investigated by NOE NMR, which showed that two side chains of cepacian were not conformationally free due to strong interactions with the polymer backbone. These interactions were attributed to hydrogen bonding and contributed to structure rigidity.

Alternativa a la regresión con componentes principles basada en biplot de regresión / An alterntive to principal components regression based on regression biplot

Se presenta un método alternativo de estimación que permite aproximar el biplot de una matriz de datos a través del ajuste de modelos bilineales, en cuyo caso los denominamos Biplot de Regresión. Su ajuste resulta similar a la Regresión con Componentes Principales, cuando las variables se tratan en el análisis en forma simétrica, su distribución es normal y se introduce convenientemente una métrica en el espacio de las mismas. Sin embargo, los Biplots de Regresión tienen la ventaja de permitir ajustes no lineales y representar confiablemente en forma gráfica, las relaciones entre individuos y/o variables. Para su interpretación se analiza la geometría, en la forma clásica y en términos de proyecciones sobre subespacios de mejor ajuste. Finalmente se realiza un análisis comparativo a través de dos aplicaciones prácticas, demostrando su potencialidad para la aplicación en cualquier campo de las ciencias naturales y sociales

Influencia del tipo de vivienda y del tamaño de asentamiento de comunidades indígenas Piaroa: en la transmisión de helmintos intestinales / It influences of the housing type and of the size of establishment of indigenous communities Piaroa: in the transmission of intestinal helmintos

Se evaluó la situación de algunas helmintiasis intestinales entre los índios Piaroa, del Estado Amazonas, Venezuela, una sociedad cuyos patrones de vivienda y asentamiento han cambiado an años recientes. Se compararon comunidades que habitan dos tipos de vivienda diferentes; aquellas con residencia principal de paredes de barro, techo de paja y piso de tierra (vivienda indígena), situadas río arriba y consideradas como menos aculturadas, contra aquellas comunidades con viviendas de paredes de bloques, techo de zinc y piso de cemento (vivienda occidental) situadas a orilla de carretera o río abajo, y consideradas como más aculturadas. Una muestra de heces de cada individuo fue recolectada en cada comunidad y conservada en solución de Raillet y Henry para análisis posterior. Se encontró mayor frecuencia de individuos parasitados por Anguilostomos asociada al tipo de vivienda indígena, pero con bajos niveles de infección. Para A. lumbricoides no se encontró asociación entre el tipo de vivienda y presencia de T. trichiura. Los habitantes de vivienda tipo occidental presentan mayores cargas parasitarias, indistintamente del helminto. A mayor tamaño de la comunidad aumentan las cargas parasitarias y el número de personas infectadas. Los resultados indican que la introducción de cambios en hábitos y costumbres, no acompañados de los hábitos necesarios para su manejo, favorece la transmisión de infecciones parasitarias

Café y gusanos, mosquitos y petróleo: el transito desde la higiene hacia la medicina tropical y la salud pública en Colombia, 1873-1953 / Coffee and worms, mosquitoes and oil: from hygiene to tropical medicine and public health in Colombia, 1873-1953

Emprende un viaje por la historia de Colombia y sus relaciones con la economía y la política internacional, durante la última parte del siglo diecinueve y la primera mitad del veinte, vista desde la historia de la salud. Se trabajan muchos aspectos de la historia de la salud pública colombiana, como es el caso del papel de la Fundación Rockefeller y del Instituto de Asuntos Interamericanos en el desarrollo de la salud pública en el país.(AU)

Café y gusanos, mosquitos y petróleo: el transito desde la higiene hacia la medicina tropical y la salud pública en Colombia, 1873-1953 / Coffee and worms, mosquitoes and oil: from hygiene to tropical medicine and public health in Colombia, 1873-1953

Emprende un viaje por la historia de Colombia y sus relaciones con la economía y la política internacional, durante la última parte del siglo diecinueve y la primera mitad del veinte, vista desde la historia de la salud. Se trabajan muchos aspectos de la historia de la salud pública colombiana, como es el caso del papel de la Fundación Rockefeller y del Instituto de Asuntos Interamericanos en el desarrollo de la salud pública en el país.

Medicina y política: discurso médico y prácticas higiénicas durante la primera mitad del siglo XX en Colombia / Medicine and politics: medical discourse and hygienic practices during the first half of the twentieeth century in Colombia

Este trabajo es un experimento de escritura histórica. El texto no obedece a una cronología lineal. Cada parte tiene su propia cronología, cada apartado tiene su propia secuencia y define una cierta linealidad. En este sentido, el trabajo puede ser leído de diferentes maneras: de atrás hacia delante, del medio hacia cualquier lado, no comienza en el primer capítulo ni termina en el último. Entodos los casos, el lector podrá (re)construir la emergencia del discurso médico-higiénico en Colombia, las nuevas nociones y conceptos que puso a circular, las prácticas que se articularon a su despliegue, los efectos sociales y políticos que contribuyó a producir, en fin, la manera como se conformó y funcionó en Colombia (particularmente en los dos espacios urbanos más importantes del país durante la primera mitad del siglo XX) una nueva forma de poder-saber: el biopoder. En este sentido, el libro funciona como un hipertexto, que si bien señala unas rutas posibles de interpretación sobre la manera como surgió y operó este biopoder, permite también realizar diferentes ensamblajes en los cuales toma parte activa el lector. (AU)