Síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica espontáneo en un embarazo con una mola invasiva: reporte de un caso / Spontaneous hyperstimulation ovarian syndrome in gestational trophoblastic disease: case report

ANTECEDENTES: El Síndrome de Hiperestimulación Ovárica (SHO) ocurre cuando los ovarios se hiperestimulan y se agrandan con la presencia de múltiples quistes foliculares y extravasación aguda de líquido desde el espacio intravascular hacias los compartimentos del tercer espacio. La presentación espontánea es infrecuente, de aparición más tardía y dentro de su patogénesis implica distinos factores, tales como genéticos y/o valores hormonales suprafisiológicos. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 18 años, acude al servicio de urgencias por presentar embarazo de 14 semanas, acompañándose de dolor abdominal y sangrado transvaginal. Se mide fracción beta de la hormona Gonadotropina Coriónica humana (hCG), la cual se reporta en 3,932,600 mUI/ml. Vitalidad no se observa por ultransonido vaginal. Se procede a realizar evacuación uterina por aspiración manual endouterina y se inicia quimioprofilaxis con metotrexate / ácido folínico. Se documenta derrame pleural bilateral, derrame pericárdico. Se realiza ventana pericárdica y el derrame pleural se envía a patología y posteriormente se recaban resultados de patología con diagnóstico definitivo de embarazo molar completo / enfermedad trofoblástica metastásica. CONCLUSIÓN: Síndrome extremadamente raro de manera endógena. La evacuación del contenido intrauterino es la piedra angular del tratamiento. El inicio clínico de los síntomas masivos en las pacientes ocurre cuando la hCG empieza a declinar, iniciando edema periferico masivo, taquicardia y pulso paradójico. Lo anterior puede explicarse, en parte, por la liberación de sustancias vasoactivas en la placenta durante la evacuación. Por lo tanto, pacientes con SHO espontáneo y la posterior finalización del embarazo deben de tener un seguimiento estrecho

BACKGROUND: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome develops with bilateral ovarian enlargement and the present of fluid at the third space in the body compartments, the spontaneous manifestation is quite uncommon the late onset of the syndrome is related to several factors among them, pathological hormonal measurements and genetic factors. Clinical case: 18 years female with abnormal vaginal bleeding and pregnancy presenting at the emergency room, the pregnancy was diagnosticated as a miscarriage at 14 weeks and the levels of beta fraction of human chorionic hormone showed a nearly 4 million mUi/ml. no embryonic activity was observed by endovaginal ultrasound The uterine contents were aspirated and metrotexate as a chemotherapeutic drug was initiated. A pericardial effusion was drained and sent to pathological analysis. The diagnosis reported was a metastatic trophoblastic gestational disease. CONCLUSION: Extremely rare syndrome endogenously. Evacuation of intrauterine contents is the cornerstone of treatment. The clinical onset of massive symptoms in patients occurs when hCG begins to decline, initiating massive peripheral edema, tachycardia, and a paradoxical pulse. This can be explained, in part, by the release of vasoactive substances in the placenta during evacuation. Therefore, patients with spontaneous OHSS and subsequent termination of pregnancy should be closely followed

Análisis de 7 años de la queja en gineco-obstetricia por la Comisión Estatal de Arbitraje Médico en Oaxaca, México / 7-year analysis of the complaint in gynecology-obstetrics by the State Commission of Medical Arbitration in Oaxaca, Mexico

ANTECEDENTES: Se realizó la revisión de 7 años del Sistema de Quejas Médicas en la Comisión Estatal de Arbitraje Médico del Estado de Oaxaca, México, entidad autónoma y calificada para dirimir el proceso de inconformidad durante el fenómeno de la atención médica. Se analizaron todas las quejas, formas de resolución y en especial se identifico la queja en gineco-obstetricia. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la inconformidad en la queja del usuario en la especialidad de gineco-obstetricia. MÉTODO: Investigación documental, descriptiva, transversal, retrospectiva y sin implicaciones éticas, efectuada mediante el análisis de bases de datos del SAQMEDO de enero de 2008 a abril de 2015. Se seleccionaron todos los expedientes de quejas médicas de la especialidad, entre todas las presentadas. RESULTADOS: El Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social fue la entidad más frecuente en quejas médicas seguida por la medicina privada. Por octavo año consecutivo la ginecología y obstetricia prevalece como líder en quejas de los usuarios, sumando en el actual análisis 100 de 438 quejas. El origen de las quejas resulta de la deficiencia en la otorgación del servicio institucional y privado que contabilizó el 69% de los casos. CONCLUSIONES: La falta en el proceso de la evaluación del desempeño ha sido fundamental en la repetición de la queja en gineco-obstetricia. A lo largo de 8 años se ha repetido el modelo vicioso, sin que las instituciones hagan algo a cambio. De continuar ignorando el problema de manera local conseguiremos que éste ciclo se perpetúe.

BACKGROUND: It has been made a complete analysis of 7 years in the State Commission of Medical Arbitration in Oaxaca, one of the southern states in México. This Commission is the legal entity to judge the process of malpractice. The study was aim to identify the obstetrics and gynecology complains. OBJECTIVE: Characterize the medical complain in the obstetrics and gynecology specialty. METHOD: It was conducted a documentary research, descriptive, transversal, retrospective and without ethical implications, through analysis of databases of the State Commission of Medical Arbitration of Oaxaca, corresponding to 2008 -2015 activity report; we selected records were medical complaints in the specialty of gynecology-obstetrics. RESULTS: The Mexican Institute of Social Security Services became the most demanded medical provider closely followed by the private practice. Obstetrics and gynecology was the most demanded medical specialty for 8th uninterrupted years. From 438 claims 100 accounted to this specialty. The failure to give or perform the service was the origin of the complains. CONCLUSION: Absence of risk assessment and supervision of competence in the performance of the medical process were the most forthcoming issues when malpractice were continue to identified. Eight in a row years of failure to amended these vicious process speaks for itself. Lots of hard work are to be consider as a reliability strategy.

[Maternal mortality rate in the Aurelio Valdivieso General Hospital: a ten years follow up]. / Mortalidad materna en el Hospital General Dr. Aurelio Valdivieso. Estudio de 10 años e identificación de acciones de mejora.

BACKGROUND: In México, the maternal mortality rate has been diminishing in the country in the last decades, except in the state of Oaxaca. Oaxaca is located amongst the entities with the highest ratios of maternal mortality. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the behavior and epidemiological tendencies of maternal mortality over 10 years at the Dr. Aurelio Valdivieso General Hospital. METHODS: In a retrospective, descriptive, and transverse analysis, we reviewed the maternal mortality files from the gynecology and obstetrics division. Three sets of variables were designed: social, obstetrical and circumstantial. We used general and descriptive statistical tools. RESULTS: From January first to December 31th of 2009 there were registered 109 maternal deaths. Excluding 2 non-obstetrical deaths, ths results in 107 maternal deaths. Divided into 75 direct maternal deaths and 32 indirect maternal deaths, the maternal mortality rate was 172.14 × 100,000 livebirths. Eighty-nine maternal deaths were foreseeable (83%) and 18 were not foreseeable (17%) as was stated by the Ad Hoc Committee within the Dr. Aurelio Valdivieso General Hospital. Pregnancy-related hypertension accounts for the highest pathology in relation to maternal deaths, the low literacy and puerperium correlated to a higher risk. CONCLUSIONS: Low human development index and low literacy were the variables that accounted for higher mortality risk. Also, we found that the higher occurrence of maternal deaths appeared during the puerperium and within hospital wards. The maternal mortality rate founded was the higher amongst the various areas of the country.

Antecedentes: en México, la mortalidad materna ha disminuido en las últimas décadas. En Oaxaca esto no se ha manifestado porque se incrementó la tasa de mortalidad materna. Este estado se ubica entre las entidades con más muertes maternas. Objetivo: analizar 10 años de mortalidad materna en el Hospital General Dr. Aurelio Valdivieso de los Servicios de Salud de Oaxaca, para conocer el comportamiento epidemiológico y caracterización de los decesos. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo, transversal y descriptivo efectuado mediante la revisión de expedientes clínicos de mortalidad materna en la División de Gineco-Obstetricia. Se consideraron variables sociales, obstétricas y circunstanciales y las comprobaciones se efectuaron con estadística general y descriptiva. Resultados: entre el 1 de enero de 2000 y el 31 de diciembre de 2009 se registraron 109 muertes maternas, excluidas dos que no fueron obstétricas; es decir, que hubo 107 muertes maternas: 75 directas y 32 indirectas. La tasa de mortalidad materna fue de 172.14 × 100,000 nacidos vivos. De las muertes maternas revisadas 89 pudieron evitarse (83%) y 18 no (17%), esto con base en el dictamen del Comité ad hoc del Hospital General Dr. Aurelio Valdivieso. La enfermedad hipertensiva aguda del embarazo fue la de mayor mortalidad; la escolaridad y el puerperio ueron el mayor riesgo. Conclusiones: las variables atribuibles a bajo índice de desarrollo humano, como: baja escolaridad y paridad elevada incrementaron el riesgo de mortalidad materna, que fue intrahospitalaria y durante el puerperio. La tasa de mortalidad materna fue la mayor encontrada en publicaciones nacionales con respecto a este referente.

[Placenta accreta, a growing problem. Prenatal diagnosis as successful treatment]. / Acretismo placentario, un problema en aumento. El diagnóstico oportuno como éxito del tratamiento.

Placenta accreta is recognized as a catastrophic disease in obstetrics. Diagnosed incidentally, it has been a rare disease in previous decades prior indiscriminate use of cesarean delivery. The World Health Organization has recently highlighted this disease as a new pandemic, which is directly related to patients who have two or more caesarean sections. Our country keeps high rates of caesarean section and therefore this problem will be increasing in diagnosis. It is necessary that medical units made ad hoc clinical guidelines, for prompt intervention in these cases. Early diagnosis should be given priority in women with these risk characteristics. With the advent of high-resolution sonography, specific images have been identified supporting the diagnosis during pregnancy; likewise, multidisciplinary treatments are especially of interest. The interventional radiology offers treatments semiconservative that have proven to reduce morbidity and mortality.

[Case report of the first world death due to a new strain of human influenza A H1N1 virus and behavior of human influenzae in pregnant women]. / Informe del primer caso de defunción secundaria a una nueva cepa humana del virus de la influenza A H1N1 en el mundo y comportamiento de la influenza humana en mujeres embarazadas.

Influenza A H1N1 is an acute respiratory illness caused by a new strain of H1N1. Human influenza is a subtype of influenza Avirus, from the family of Orthomyxoviridae. This strain is the cause of new influenza pandemic declared by the World Health Organization in June, 2009. This paper reports the first case occurred in Mexico: a 39-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity grade II, which suffered atypical and aggressive pneumonia positive to coronavirus. Patient died 98 hours after her admission to the hospital unit. Due to the clinical presentation of the case, the doctors sent samples to the Instituto Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológica that sent an aliquot of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases of theAgency of Public Health in Canada, that reported positivity to influenza virus, and catalogued it as a new global strain called influenza A virus H1N1. The notice of 229E/NL63 coronavirus and its relationship to the recent outbreaks of avian influenza in humans and the clinical presentation of the case were the epidemiological circumstances that prevented the nation epidemiology system to establish global containment strategies to prevent the spread of this emerging infection. The consequence was the declaration of WHO pandemic alert level 6. Its behavior in pregnancy, reported by Assistant General Direction of Epidemiology in Mexico, has placed this infection as a risk factor for women.

[Complaints from medical care in obstetrics and gynecology]. / La queja médica derivada de la atención en ginecoobstetricia.

BACKGROUND: The fulfillment and satisfaction regarding the expectations of the patients at services of obstetrics and gynecology, it is related to the quality of care. Failure to meet these expectations will rise to the dissatisfaction and enhances the culture of demand, with these considerations this presents study were developed, researching the patients complaints reported by the State Commission o Medical Arbitration of Oaxaca in 2007 with the aim of identifying the medical complaint emphasis on obstetrics care. OBJECTIVE: To identify the medical lawsuits to Gineco-obstetricians in Oaxaca. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We conducted a documentary research, descriptive, transversal, retrospective and without ethical implications, through analysis of databases of the State Commission of Medical Arbitration of Oaxaca, corresponding to 2007 activity report; 100% of selected records were medical complaints in the specialty of gynecology-obstetrics. RESULTS: The attention given to 10.5% are disagreements or complaints which medical complaints in gynecology-obstetrics specialty are second with 21% and the report file complaints state ranks first with 12.3% of cases, 70% of medical care is provided by gynecologists and total complaints, 40% were confined to expert medical advice. CONCLUSIONS: Complaints in gynecological and obstetric care rank first places relative to other specialties, the attention given in the two-thirds is provided by medical specialists in obstetrics and gynecology, and less than the half were certified by the Board and expert medical opinions reported evidence of malpractice and corporate responsibility in the complaints.