Superconducting pairing and the pseudogap in the nematic dynamical stripe phase of La2-xSrxCuO4.

Fully absorption coefficient corrected Raman spectra were obtained in La2-xSrxCuO4. The B1g spectra have a Fleury-Loudon type two-magnon peak (resonant term) whose energy decreases from 3180 cm(-1) (394 meV) to 440 cm(-1) (55 meV) on increasing the carrier density from x = 0 to 0.25, while the B2g spectra have a 1000-3500 cm(-1) (124-434 meV) hump (hill) whose lower-edge energy increases from x = 0 to 0.115 and then stays constant to x = 0.25. The B2g hump is assigned to the electronic scattering (non-resonant term) of the spectral function with magnetic self-energy. The completely different carrier density dependence arises from anisotropic magnetic excitations of spin-charge stripes. The B1g spectra were assigned to the sum of k âˆ¥  and k⊥ stripe excitations and the B2g spectra to k⊥ stripe excitations according to the calculation by Seibold and Lorenzana (2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 144515). The k âˆ¥  and k⊥ stripe excitations in fluctuating spin-charge stripes were separately detected for the first time. The appearance of only k⊥ stripe excitations in the electronic scattering arises from the charge hopping perpendicular to the stripe. This is the same direction as the Burgers vector of the edge dislocation in metal. The successive charge hopping in the Burgers vector direction across the charge stripes may cause Cooper pairs as predicted by Zaanen et al (2004 Ann. Phys. 310 181). Indeed, this is supported by the experimental fact that the superconducting coherent length coincides with the inter-charge stripe distance in the wide carrier density range. The one-directional charge hopping perpendicular to the stripe causes the flat Fermi surface and the pseudogap near (π,0) and (0,π), but the states around (π/2,π/2) cannot be produced. The low-energy Raman scattering disclosed that the electronic states at the Fermi arc around (π/2,π/2) are coupled to the A1g soft phonon of the tetragonal-orthorhombic phase transition. This suggests that the Fermi arc is produced by the electron-phonon interaction. All the present Raman data suggest that Cooper pairs are formed at moving edge dislocations of dynamical charge stripes.

Correlation between Raman sum and optical conductivity sum in La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4.

In a strongly correlated electron system, the single-particle spectral function changes into a coherent peak and incoherent humps which extend over 1 eV. The incoherent parts lose the symmetry and k dependence, so that the Raman spectra with different symmetries become identical and they are expressed by the optical conductivity. We found that the B1g and B2g spectra in La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4 become identical above 2000 cm(-1) in the underdoped phase, if Fleury-Loudon type B1g two-magnon scattering is removed. The first Raman susceptibility moment correlates with the generalized optical conductivity moment. The good correlation arises from the incoherent states of a hump from 1000 to 4000 cm(-1). The hump is the only structure of the incoherent electronic states in the mid-infrared absorption spectra below 1.4 eV at low carrier densities. The energy is twice the separated dispersion segments of the spin wave in the k(perpendicular) stripe direction. The incoherent state is formed by the magnetic excitations created by the hole hopping in the antiferromagnetic spin stripes in the real space picture.

Collapse of coherent quasiparticle states in theta-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 observed by optical spectroscopy.

Optical conductivity measurements on the organic metal theta-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 revealed that the system crosses over rapidly from a coherent quasiparticle state to an incoherent state with temperature. Despite the metallic temperature dependence of resistivity, a well-defined Drude peak at low temperatures turns into a far-infrared peak with temperature. The peak energy shifts to higher frequencies and, simultaneously, the spectral weight is transferred to high frequencies beyond the electron band width. These characteristics imply that theta-(BEDT-TTF)2I3, so far believed to be a typical metal, is in fact a strongly correlated electron system with "bad-metal" character.

Raman study of the orbital-phonon coupling in LaCoO3.

The magnetic state in LaCoO3 changes from the low spin state (S=0) to the mixed state with a thermally excited intermediate spin state (IS) (S=1) above about 50 K. The partially filled e(g) orbital in the IS state has a nature of Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion. The cooperative JT distortion causes an orbital order. We found that all Raman active phonon modes are affected by the excitation of IS Co3+ ions. Especially, the JT vibration mode shows anomalous temperature dependence.