Description and Durability of the Various Indirect Restoration Techniques in Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation: A Systematic Review.

Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a qualitative defect of the enamel structure. Indirect restorations may represent the most suitable therapeutic solutions for patients presenting MIH with tooth restorative procedures. This systematic review aims to determine the feasibility of indirect restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review has been performed and is reported following the PRISMA guidelines. It was performed on three databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). Ten articles were included. RESULTS: Only two articles reported the use of CAD/CAM technologies, whereas the other eight preferred conventional registration and handmade stratification for ceramics. All indirect bonded restorations made of composite resins or ceramics had significant success rates. A temporary material was placed in most of the articles. There was no clear consensus for tissue conditioning before bonding. Depending on the authors and the articles, the follow-up period extended from 2 months to 6 years. CONCLUSIONS: The survival rate and the non-invasive procedures of indirect restorations are two main arguments that can help dental practitioners in daily practice. Development of CAD/ CAM technologies adds new perspectives in the registration, the design and production. However, more clinical trials are needed to confirm the conclusions.

Oral manifestations of celiac disease in French children.

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated systemic disorder caused by ingestion of the gluten found in wheat, rye, and barley. The currently estimated prevalence in children is about 1%. CD is a chronic enteropathy with gastrointestinal manifestations including diarrhea, abdominal distension and weight loss, but extra-intestinal features are increasingly being reported. Dental and oral manifestations such as dental enamel defects (ED), delay in dental eruption, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) are well-recognized manifestations of CD. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of oral manifestations (ED, RAS and delay in dental eruption) on deciduous and permanent teeth between children with CD and a control population. An oral examination was performed on 28 CD children and 59 control children. All children were younger than 12 years old and had deciduous or mixed dentition. CD children had significantly more ED and RAS than the control group (67.9% vs. 33.9% P=0.004 and 50.0% vs. 21.8% P=0.011, respectively). No delay in dental eruption was observed in CD children. ED were mainly grade I and II of Aine's classification (color defects and slight structural defects). ED were more often seen on CD children's deciduous teeth than on permanent teeth (57.1% and 13.6%, respectively; P<0.001). The main teeth affected by ED are the second molar and canines of the deciduous teeth, and the first molar, central incisor, and lateral incisors of the permanent teeth. RAS and ED that were symmetrical in all quadrants and occurred firstly in teeth that mineralize during the first year of life both seem to be signs of CD. Thus, more information for dentists and pediatricians on these oral manifestations should help improve detection of CD.

[Comparative study between medieval (12th -14th c.) and modern skulls samples of five cranio-facial measures]. / Etude comparative de cinq mesures crânio-faciales entre un échantillon de cranes médiévaux (XIIe-XIVe siècles) et un échantillon contemporain.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare cephalometric norms of complete medieval skulls (n=35) with contemporary skulls (n=41), all from the same region, taking five craniofacial measures. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The medieval skulls were from different sites and tombs from southwestern France and contemporary skulls were those of students from the Faculty of Dental Surgery, Toulouse. A lateral cephalometric radiograph of each skull was obtained. All the skulls had to contain teeth and all anatomical reference points required for inclusion in the study. Cephalometric points were selected by inspection. The angles were chosen to evaluate the sagittal maxillo-mandibular relation, the cranial base flexion and the vertical dimension. RESULTS: Results showed that the ANB angle was wider in the medieval skulls (4.11 degrees vs 2.41 degrees ) but no significant difference for the cranial base flexion and the vertical dimension could be found between the two populations. DISCUSSION: We suggest there is no significant change in cephalometric norms over a period of approximately 800 years. Changes in lifestyle, diet, environment and populations intermixing do not appear to significantly affect cephalometric norms, although such factors are thought to affect dental occlusion.