ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Chitosan is a biocompatible polysaccharide that has been widely exploited in biomedical and drug delivery applications. OBJECTIVE: This study explores the renoprotective effect of chitosan nanoparticles in vivo in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared via ionotropic gelation method, and several in vitro characterizations were performed, including measurements of particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups; negative control, CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity (untreated), and two groups receiving CCl4 + chitosan NPs (10 and 20 mg/kg) orally for 2 weeks. The renoprotective effect was assessed by measuring oxidative, apoptotic, and inflammatory biomarkers, and via histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations for the visualization of NF-κB and COX-2 in renal tissues. RESULTS: Monodisperse spherical nanosized (56 nm) particles were successfully prepared as evidenced by dynamic light scattering and TEM. Oral administration of chitosan nanoparticles (10 and 20 mg/kg) concurrently with CCl4 for 2 weeks resulted in 13.6% and 21.5% reduction in serum creatinine and increase in the level of depleted reduced glutathione (23.1% and 31.8%), respectively, when compared with the positive control group. Chitosan nanoparticles (20 mg/kg) revealed a significant (p Ë 0.05) decrease in malondialdehyde levels (30.6%), tumour necrosis factor-α (33.6%), interleukin-1ß (31.1%), and caspase-3 (36.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Chitosan nanoparticles afforded significant protection and amelioration against CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity. Thus, chitosan nanoparticles could afford a potential nanotherapeutic system for the management of nephrotoxicity which allows for broadening their role in biomedical delivery applications.
Subject(s)
Chitosan , Nanoparticles , Animals , Rats , Chitosan/chemistry , Rats, Wistar , Carbon Tetrachloride/toxicity , Particle SizeABSTRACT
Dimethyl dimethoxy biphenyl (DDB) dicarboxylate has been applied as a therapeutic modality for curing liver diseases, particularly hepatitis virus. The objective of this study was to assess the protective potential against Triton X-100 induced abnormal fat metabolism in addition to anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of DDB. The anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic of DDB were investigated through induction of paw edema, pain, and fever in experimental rats. DDB decreased cholesterol and triglyceride contents. DDB resulted in inhibition of inflammation, nociception, and fever in the experimental models. DDB improved lipid profile, as evidence of hypolipidemic potential. It also showed anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 is a Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). It threatened the whole world and considered as pandemic recently, emergencies and quarantine has been declared all over the world. Many published reviews and research articles, discussed analysis, symptoms, diagnosis, and possible ways of treatments. However, nowadays, more focus is inclined on recovered patients and the possible events faced by these patients in postrecovery period. Specialists, medical care workers are looking for unmistakable approaches to defend their life later on. It is important to have a full background on their physical and psychological status after their recovery with certain guidelines to follow-up. There is more concern, care for family and society as they might suffer from stress, depression, and stigmatization from society. Awareness programs and counseling should be recommended to bring the recovered patients to their normalcy. Surveys and cohort studies will be helpful for prognosis of the disease as well as to be ready to face the second stage of COVID-19. This article will focus on recovered COVID-19 patients, their complications, precautionary methods, and post care.
